1 / 32

Introduction to Weed Management Principles

Introduction to Weed Management Principles. Topic #2044 Aaron Gearhart. What is a Weed?. Any plant can be a weed under the right circumstances Corn example Soybean example It all depends on what type of production you are trying to accomplish. Why care?. Food costs Aquatic nuisance

teenie
Download Presentation

Introduction to Weed Management Principles

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Introduction to Weed Management Principles Topic #2044 Aaron Gearhart

  2. What is a Weed? • Any plant can be a weed under the right circumstances • Corn example • Soybean example • It all depends on what type of production you are trying to accomplish

  3. Why care? • Food costs • Aquatic nuisance • Allergies • Hosts for diseases and insects Dandelion http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/Forbhtml/Dandelion.html

  4. Why care? • Increased soil erosion • Decreased amount of food we can produce • Decreased grazing area Barnyard Grass http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/grasshtml/Barnyardgrass.html

  5. Why are they so difficult to control?! • Can sprout in many environments • Long – lived seed • Variable seed dormancy • Rapid growth • High seed production Burdock http://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/plant02.htm

  6. So difficult. • Effective dispersal habits • Allelopathy • Deep root system • Waxy or pubescent leaves Milkweed http://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/plant26.htm

  7. Weed germination Johnsongrass Seedling • Stratification • Vegetative reproduction • Scarification http://www.weedscience.org

  8. Classification • Grasses • Broadleafs • Sedges • Annual • Biennial • Perennial

  9. Grass Weeds • Hollow rounded stems • Parallel veins • Longer than they are wide • Johnsongrass, foxtails, crabgrass Witchgrass http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/grasshtml/CommonWitchgrass.html

  10. Broadleaf weeds Ladysthumb • Highly variable • Have showy flowers • Have different growth habits • Velvetleaf, ladysthumb, dandelion. http://www.weedscience.org

  11. Sedges Yellow Nut Sedge • “grass like” but not true grasses. • Solid traingular – shaped stems http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/grasshtml/YellowNutgrass.html

  12. Annual Weeds • Complete their life cycle in one year • Can be grasses, broadleaves or sedges. • Can be summer or winter annuals • Not many winter annuals in Michigan

  13. Biennial Weeds White campion • 2 year life cycle • First year vegetative growth • Second year flower and seed production • Onions are a good example. http://www.fragrantflowers.co.uk/picture/whitecampion.htm

  14. Perennial Weeds • Live more than two years • Reproduce by vegetative parts • Tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, stolons • During winter most survive in a dormant state.

  15. Seed Characteristics Redroot Pigweed • Redroot pigweed can produce 100,000 seeds in one plant. • Dormancy ensures weed survival • 4%broadleaf and 9%grass seeds germinate in a given year http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/Forbhtml/RedrootPigweed.html

  16. Prevention Chemical Biological Mechanical Controlled burning Grazing Revegetation Crop competition Crop rotation Methods of Control

  17. Prevention • Weed seed may be distributed in a number of ways • Crop seed, wind, water, animals, machinery and other ways • Neglected fence rows and ditches • Proactive thinking

  18. Chemical Bull Thistle • Use of chemicals to control or retard growth of weeds • Allowed us to become an agricultural powerhouse • Very useful if application is well thought out http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/Forbhtml/BullThistle.html

  19. Time of Application • Preplant: made before crop is planted and is incorporated into the soil • Preemergence: Made directly to soil and requries rainfall in order to move into the soil • Postemergence: Applied after weed or crop emergence

  20. Area of application • Broadcast • Band • Directed • Spot treatments

  21. Types of Herbicide • Contact herbicide: sprayed on foliage and only affects area it comes into contact with • Systemic herbicide: sprayed on soil or foliage then translocated through plant • Selective • Non-selective

  22. Factors Affecting Herbicide Effectiveness • Annual or perennial • Tolerance • Type of soil • Temperature • Pubescence or wax on leaves • Shape/orientation of leaf

  23. Biological Control • Using beneficial creatures such as insects or fungi that damage the weeds • Not very common

  24. Mechanical • Burial • Cultivation • Tillage • Mowing

  25. Controlled Burning • Not very common • Sometimes used when corn 1-2” tall and growing point is still under the soil

  26. Grazing • Use of animals such as sheep or goats that will eat weeds and weed seeds.

  27. Revegetation Hairy Vetch • Reseeding a distubed site to block or choke out weeds • Cover crops are a good example http://www.noble.org

  28. Crop competition • Planning your planting so that crops have the competitive advantage over weeds. • Factors such as planting date, row spacing, seeding rate, planting depth, soil moisture, fertility, and soil pH have an influence on competitive advantage of the crop.

  29. Crop rotation • Rotating your crops from year to year and season to season to take away competitive advantage from weeds of the previous years crop.

  30. Are weeds all bad? Lambsquarters • Quickly fill in unsightly spots • Shelter for beneficial insects • Beneficial properties for humans • Provide food for wildlife http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/Forbhtml/Lambsquarters.html

  31. Integrated Weed Management • An integrated approach means assembling a weed management plan that incorporates a number of tools consistent with farm goals. Field Bindweed http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/forbhtml/forbs151-200/F1715.jpg

  32. Questions?

More Related