Bell Ringer – 11/20/2013 m.socrative - Room #38178

1. Bell Ringer – 11/20/2013m.socrative.com - Room #38178 QUIZ TOMORROW! We’ll go over what will be on it at the end of class today. (AND we’ll practice the musical examples again.) • QUESTIONS: (Multiple choice on Socrative!) • Of the pieces I’m asking you to recognize… • 1. Which one by MOZART is written FOR PIANO ONLY? • 2. Which one by MOZART is written ONLY FOR STRINGS? • 3. Which one by MOZART is in a MINOR KEY? USE YOUR DEVICES IF YOU HAVE ONE – its so much quicker to grade when you submit them electronically!!!

2. Ludwig van Beethoven 1770-1827

3. Classical Symphony - Composers • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) • Wrote 9 symphonies • Greatly increased the form’s weight and size • Increased the technical demands on every instrument • Occasionally enlarged the classical orchestra by writing parts for piccolo, trombones, contrabassoon, triangle, cymbals, and bass drum • Played piano, viola, and violin

4. Ludwig Van Beethoven • One of seven children (though only three survived infancy) • His first music teacher was his father, who is known as being a very strict instructor • Beethoven was often standing at the keyboard “in tears” • Beethoven’s dad, familiar with the success of the Mozart children, attempted to exploit his son as a child prodigy • Actually claimed he was 6 on the posters for his first performance (he was actually 7)

5. Ludwig Van Beethoven • He began composing at age 13 • His organ teacher taught him composition • His first piece was published in the same year • Got his first job at the court chapel of Andrea Luchesi at age 14 • Moved to Vienna in 1787 in hopes of studying with Mozart • They met, and studied under a lot of the same people, but Beethoven never took lessons from Mozart

6. Ludwig Van Beethoven • Once Mozart passed away, there was a widespread feeling that Beethoven would be his successor • His works had a somewhat “Mozartean flavor” • He also took lessons from Salieri • Mozart’s supposed “nemesis” that (rumor has it) murdered Mozart • His first public performance (of one of his piano concertos) in Vienna was in March 1795 • His first 3 piano concertos were a financial success – his profits were sufficient to cover all of his living expenses for a year

7. Beethoven’s Deafness • During the 18th century, his hearing began to deteriorate significantly • He lost his hearing over time due to irregular ear cartilage • Started losing his hearing in his 20s • He continued to compose, conduct, and perform after becoming completely deaf

8. Beethoven’s Deafness • Because he lost his hearing overtime, he knew what music sounded like • Though he couldn’t literally hear the key he pressed on the piano, he knew in his head what it would sound like • It is documented that to hear chordal relationships, he cut the legs off his piano so it could sit on the floor. When we would hit a key, he would lean his ear to the floor, listening to the vibrations created by the notes

9. Ludwig van Beethoven - Innovation • Was the singular transitional figure between classicism and Romanticism • We’ll revisit him at the start of the next unit • Wanted to expand the classical symphonic form to accommodate greater emotional character • The typical classical symphony has movements with contrasting and unrelated themes – Beethoven moved toward a single thematic development throughout • A unity of emotion in a single work • Movements would no longer sound like 4 separate pieces

10. Ludwig van Beethoven - Innovation • Also changed the traditional relationships among movements… took out the stop/break between them at times • Symphony No. 6 – no break between the 4th and 5th movements • Symphony No. 5 – no break occurs between the third and fourth movements

11. Beethoven vs. Mozart • Differs significantly from Mozart • Pieces were more dramatic and used changing dynamics for starker emotional effects • Silence was used to pursue both dramatic and structural ends • Works are MUCH LONGER

12. Symphony No. 5 • His symphonies draw heavily on imagery (though not quite program music) • Symphony No. 5 – “fate knocking at the door” • Written 1804-1808 • His work was interrupted to complete other things (operas, quartets, etc.) • One of the most well-known compositions in classical music and one of the most frequently played symphonies of all time

13. Symphony No. 5 • The 5th and 6th symphonies premiered at the same concert in 1808 • Beethoven was in his mid-30s, almost near deaf • Beethoven conducted it himself • 4 HOUR CONCERT • Also featured a piano concerto, an aria, and a mass • The orchestra only had one rehearsal and performed poorly • At one point, Beethoven stopped the music and started again • The auditorium was cold and the audience was exhausted by the end

14. Symphony No. 5 • The 5th Symphony only started to receive praise after it was published the following year • Received extravagant praise • Scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, and strings • No symphony had ever included trombones or piccolo

15. Symphony No. 5 • About 30 minutes in length • 4 movements – the 1st movement is the one you need to know • The first movement opens with a four-note motif (one of the most recognized motifs in all of western music) • In sonata form, with lots of imitation at the beginning • Beethoven’s Symphony 5 • Development: 3:03 • Recap: 7:05

16. Symphony No. 5 - Disco • In the 70s, Walter Murphy released “A Fifth of Beethoven” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ouMaLRth-s

17. Symphony No. 9 • His 9 symphonies became progressively more Romantic • The finale of the 9th symphony includes a chorus singing “Ode to Joy” (“Ode to Joy” was a poem by Friedrich Schiller) • First time a chorus was used with an orchestra • Beethoven’s Symphony No 9 – Finale • The final complete symphony Beethoven wrote • Completed in 1824 • Critics consider it Beethoven’s greatest work • One of the most played symphonies in the world

18. Symphony No. 9 • Was commissioned (paid for by an orchestra to be written) • Beethoven was completely deaf • Composed from 1822-1824 • Bridges the gap from Classical to Romantic • Premiered in May 1824 • His first onstage performance in 12 years

19. Symphony No. 9 • It was conducted by Beethoven • Umlauf (the theater director) had worked with Beethoven previously – at a dress rehearsal of Beethoven’s opera Fidelio, Beethoven’s conducting resulted in disaster. This time, Umlauf told the performers to completely ignore Beethoven’s direction • When the symphony ended, Beethoven was a couple measures off and still conducting • One of the singers turned Beethoven around to accept the applause • The audience accepted him with respect and sympathy • There were 5 standing ovations • They threw handkerchiefs, hats, and their hands in the air so that the deaf Beethoven could SEE the response

20. Symphony No. 9 • Written for more parts than any symphony had ever had before • Piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, full string section, soprano solo, alto solo, tenor solo, baritone solo, SATB choir, timpani, bass drum, triangle, and cymbals • The 4th movement is the famous one you’ll need to know • Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 Finale (4:24) • Considered a “symphony within a symphony”

21. Symphony No. 9 • Very simple melody… that he wrote when he was completely deaf… • Family Guy Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U7IaueOy_g

22. Moonlight Sonata • Piano Sonata No. 14 • Completed in 1801 and dedicated to one of his students • One of his most popular compositions for piano • Known as the “Moonlight Sonata” – not a title that Beethoven gave the piece • It was very popular in Beethoven’s time, so much that he got sick of hearing it – “Surely I’ve written better things.” • Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata

23. Pathetique • Written in 1798 when Beethoven was 27 • Was named by the publisher • Inspired by Mozart’s piano sonata K 457 • The second movement is the famous one you need to know • In Rondo Form (ABACA) • The theme is very similar to Mozart’s piano sonata No. 14 • Beethoven’s Pathetique (mvt. 2)

24. Listening Recognition Practice On the Quiz and Test you’ll need to recognize certain famous pieces of music

25. Listening Recognition Practice • On your paper is a list of the pieces you need to know • Simply write the number next to what you think is being played. • http://nohsbands.weebly.com • STUDY • Hover over “Arts and Humanities” and click “Classical Period.” • Also Study… • (Nothing from the “Intro” notes) • Classical Music Characteristics Notes: 1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12 • Mozart Notes: 1, 2, 4, 10 • Beethoven Notes: 1, 3, 5, 11