1 / 22

FMD Reference Laboratory

thi
Download Presentation

FMD Reference Laboratory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Global and regional updateDonald KingVesicular Disease Reference Laboratorydonald.king@pirbright.ac.ukFMD Ref Lab Team: Valerie Mioulet, Nick Knowles, Anna Ludi, Ginette Wilsden, Bryony Armson, Pip Hamblin, Kasia Bachanek-Bankowska, Kelly Adams, Jemma Wadsworth, Begoña Valdazo-González, Britta Wood, Barsha Thapa, Bob Statham, Ashley Gray, Trish Ryder, Sarah Belgrave, David Paton FMD Reference Laboratory

  2. 2010-2014: Changing patterns and threats SAT 2 and O North Africa and West Eurasia Multiple East Asia Asia 1 Detailed reports can be found at: www.wrlfmd.org

  3. Recent submissions to WRLFMD • Jan – Dec 2013: 401 samples • 259 isolates • Represent 5 FMDV serotypes: • No virus isolated 32.4% of samples • RT-PCR negative in 17.7% samples • No serotype C since 2004

  4. Field data from West Eurasia and North AfricaSample submissions to WRL (last 10 years) * Sequence data only * Bulgaria * Bahrain Samples sent to WRLFMD (last shipment) 2013-14 2012 2011

  5. Recently circulating FMDV lineages

  6. O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 Sub-lineage nomenclature used to define different viral genotypes

  7. Epidemiology of FMDV in Bulgaria (Burgas): 2011 • Incursion of FMD into a FMD-free (without vaccination) country in Europe • O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2ANT10 • Use of full genome sequence data generated in real-time to show how sequences are related • Analysis included additional sequences from Turkey and Israel

  8. Complete FMDV sequences recovered from Bulgaria • Full genome sequence data: • provides evidence for single introduction into Bulgaria from Turkey • long branches indicative of unsampled infection • either in 4 villages with seropositive domesticated animals • or wildlife (wild boar) TCS tree showing linking samples showing putative unsampled intermediates (-O-) Valdazo-Gonzalez et al., PLoS ONE (2012)

  9. Vaccine matching data (2013)Serotype O (all O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 lineages) Matched Vaccine strain Not matched * Single values have yielded borderline matches

  10. A/ASIA/Iran-05 In the past 3 years: 8 sub-lineages:

  11. A/ASIA/Iran-05 • Replaced the A-Iran-96 and A-Iran-99 strains that were previously circulating in the west Eurasian region • Initially A22/Iraq vaccine provided protection • After 2006, a new vaccines were required (A/Iran2005 and A/TUR/2006) • Evidence that these vaccines are now no longer fully matched using in-vitro tests • Full capsid sequences reveal amino acid changes in antigenic sites that may underpin these antigenic changes Upadhyaya et al., (2013) Vaccine

  12. Vaccine matching data (2013)Serotype A (A/ASIA/Iran-05) Matched Vaccine strain Not matched * Single values have yielded borderline matches

  13. Asia 1 • Emergence of a Asia 1 lineage (Sindh-08) with poor match Asia 1 Shamir (ISR/3/89) • First recognised in Pakistan (2008) • However in-vivo potency test using >6PD50 Shamir vaccine does protect • Lineage has now spread westward into Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey and Bahrain • Spread mirrors recent trans-boundary movements of O/PanAsia and A/Iran-05

  14. Changing global patterns: SAT 2 in North Africa during 2012 • First FMD cases in Egypt due to serotype SAT 2 since 1950 • Cases associated with high mortality • ~50% particularly in young animals due to myocarditis • Sequence data supported at least two introductions of SAT 2 FMDV into Egypt • Within SAT 2 topotype VII • Distinct from other contemporary SAT 2 lineages in the Middle East and North Africa • topotype VII from Libya • topotype IV from Bahrain In partnership with the Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt

  15. North Africa: cross-roads between pools Egypt- Recent FMD Outbreaks Recent FMD outbreaks in Egypt have involved at least 3 serotypes and a number of different topotypes/lineages O/ME-SA/Egy-72 (2006-2009) O/ME-SA/PanAsia 2 (Egy-09) (2009 & 2011) O/EA-3 (2012) A/Africa/G-VII (Ken-05) (2006 & 2009) A/Asia/Iran-05 (Bar-08) (2010-2011) A/Africa/G-IV (ISM-12) (2012) SAT2/VII/Alx-12 (2012) SAT2/VII/Ghb-12 (2012)

  16. Changing global patterns: Serotype O from Indian sub-continent in Libya and Saudi Arabia • Recent report (Nov. 2013) • Samples collected in Libya in Sept/Oct 2013 - submitted via IZSLER (Brescia) • Samples collected in Saudi Arabia in Aug/Nov 2013 • O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage most closely related to viruses from Bhutan and India • O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 and O/EA3 previously reported in the country • O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage normally restricted to the Indian sub-continent • only previously caused FMD outbreaks in the Middle East (Iran 2009, UAE 2008-2009, Oman 2001, Bahrain 2001, Kuwait 1997). Dr Ibrahim Eldaghayes

  17. OIE/FAO FMD Lab Network in action: Sharing samples and sequence data - O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 • Involved PD-FMD, IZSLER and Pirbright • Molecular phylogenies of FMD viruses from SAU and LIB • Indicates multiple independent introductions of this lineage from the Indian sub-continent • KAR-13 sub-lineage that is widespread in the region • Reports provided to OIE, FAO and local authorities (can be found at: www.wrlfmd.org)

  18. New tailored diagnostic toolsFor endemic countries where multiple lineages are circulating • Specific real-time RT-PCR assays • For detection and differentiation of different FMDV lineages • Assays evaluated against circulating strains

  19. Available type-specific rRT-PCR tests • O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 • A/ASIA/Iran-05 • ASIA • SAT 2 (topotype VII) – Ahmed et al., 2012 • O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 – Knowles et al., in prep • O • A • SAT1 • SAT2 For west Eurasian viruses (Middle East) For East African viruses For further information and protocols contact: WRLFMD

  20. Simplified summaryTransboundary movement patterns of FMDV O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 A/ASIA/Iran-05 Asia-1 ? A/ AFRICA SAT 2 O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 O/EA-3 • Are these patterns predictable? • Understanding epidemiology of FMD provides a basis to estimate threats of new virus incursions • Phylogeography analysis is underway

  21. Acknowledgements • Support for the WRLFMD and research projects • Collaborating FMD Reference Laboratories and field teams • Partners within the OIE/FAO FMD Network FMD Reference Laboratory

  22. Supplementary in-vitro vaccine matching data Matched Vaccine strain Not matched O/ME-SA/Ind-2001: O/EA-3:

More Related