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The Americans Chapter 2

The Americans Chapter 2. U.S. History Mr. Thomas. Spain’s Empire in the America’s. Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquer Central and portions of North America. Cortes Subdues the Aztec. Conquistadors- Spanish Explorers, seek gold, silver

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The Americans Chapter 2

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  1. The AmericansChapter 2 • U.S. History • Mr. Thomas

  2. Spain’s Empire in the America’s • Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquer Central and portions of North America

  3. Cortes Subdues the Aztec • Conquistadors- Spanish Explorers, seek gold, silver • 1519 Hernando Cortes leads army into Americas, claims land for Spain • Aztec dominate region; Nahua people who resent Aztec join Cortes • Montezuma thinks Cortes a god; gives him share of Aztec gold • 1520 Aztec rebel; 1521 Spanish and allies defeat Aztec • Cortes founds Mexico City, New Spain colony on Tenochtitlan ruins

  4. Spanish Pattern of Conquest • Spanish settlers mostly men, called peninsulares; marry native women • Mestizo- person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry • Landlords use encomienda- force natives to farm, ranch and mine • Priests object, encomienda abolished; Africans are bought as slaves

  5. The Conquistadors Push North • Other Countries Explore North America • England, France, Netherlands sponsor voyages in 1500’s and 1600’s • Exploring Florida • Jaun Ponce de Leon discovers and names La Florida (1513) • Pedro Menedez de Aviles expels French, founds St. Augustine (1565)

  6. Resistance to Spanish • Conflict with New Mexico • Priests convert many Native Americans, try to suppress their culture • 1670’s Spanish force natives to pay tribute, do labor for missions • Pope’s Rebellion • Pueblo religious leader Pope heads uprising in New Mexico (1680) • Destroy Spanish churches, execute priests, force Spanish out • Spanish armies regain area 14 years later

  7. English Settlement @ Jamestown • First permanent English settlement in North America is founded at Jamestown, Virginia • 1607

  8. Settlement @ Jamestown • English settlers struggle in North America • Joint-stock companies- investors fund colony, get profits • 1607, Virginia Company sends 150 people to found Jamestown • Disastrous Start • Colonist seek gold, suffer from disease and hunger • John Smith forces colonist to farm; gets help from Powhatan people • (1609)600 colonist arrive; Powhatan destroy farms “starving time”

  9. Your Vision of John Smith

  10. Real John Smith • v

  11. Jamestown Cont. • Begins to Flourish • New arrivals revive and expand colony; grow tobacco • “Brown Gold: and Indentured Servants • Tobacco becomes profitable; export 1.5 million lbs. by late 1620’s • Headright system- purchaser of passage gets 50 acres- lures settlers • Plantation owners use indentured servants- work 4-7 years for passage

  12. African Americans • The First Africans arrive (1619)- treated as indentured servants • Late 1600s owners begin importing costly slaves because • indentured population decreases • Colony becomes wealthy

  13. Clash with Native Americans • English do not live or intermarry with Native Americans • Hostile relations with Powhatan after starving time • 1614 marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe creates temporary peace • Renewed fighting; king make Virginia royal colony under his control

  14. Your Vision of Pocahontas

  15. Real Pocahontas

  16. Virginia Split • Hostilities Develop • Former indentured people settle frontier, cannot vote, pay high taxes • Frontier settlers battle natives; Tension between frontier and the wealthy • Governor refuses to give money to help frontier fight local natives • Bacon’s Rebellion • Nathaniel Bacon raises army to fight natives on frontier (1676) • Governor calls Bacon’s army illegal; Bacon sets fire to Jamestown

  17. New England • Puritans and Pilgrims • Puritans, religious group, want to purify Church of England • Separatist, including Pilgrims, from independent congregations • 1620, Pilgrims flee to escape persecution, found Plymouth Colony • The Massachusetts Bay Company • 1630 John Winthrop is Puritan colony’s first governor

  18. New England • City Upon a Hill • Puritan adult males vote for General Court; Court chooses governor • Church and State • Civic officials are church members, have duty to God’s will • Importance of Family • Puritans generally migrate as families • Community makes sure family members behave in “God-fearing” way

  19. New England Cont. • The Founding of Providence (Rhode Island) • Rodger Williams- extreme Separatist minister with controversial views • General Court orders his arrest; Williams flees • 1636 he founds colony of Providence • Negotiates for land with Narragansett tribe • guarantees separation of church and state, religious freedom

  20. New England Cont. • Anne Hutchinson Banished • Teaches church, ministers are unnecessary • banished 1638; family and followers leave colony

  21. Native American Resistance • Disputes Over Land • settlers spread to western Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut • Natives think land treaties temporary, Europeans think permanent • Pequot War • Pequot takes stand against colonist, nearly destroyed • King Phillips War • Deprived of land, natives toil English, must follow Puritan laws • Wampanpag chief Metacom organizes tribes to wipe out settlers (1675) • King Philip’s War fierce; hunger, disease, casualties defeat tribes

  22. Middle Colonies • Dutch Found New Netherland • Diverse Colony • 1621, Dutch West India Company colonizes New Netherland • Settlers from other European countries and Africa Welcomed • Dutch trade for furs with Native Americans

  23. English Takeover • 1664, Duke of York becomes proprietor (owner) of New Netherland • renames colony New York • later gives part of land to friends, names it New Jersey

  24. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania • 1681, William Penn founds Pennsylvania on Quaker principles • Quaker Ideas: equality, cooperation, religious toleration, pacifism • Meant to be a “holy experiment” • Adult males get 50 acres, right to vote • representative assembly • freedom of religion • Penn treats Native Americans fairly; over 50 years w/o conflict

  25. Quakers Cont. • A Thriving Colony • Penn recruits immigrants; thousands of Germans go to Pennsylvania • Quakers become minority; slavery is introduced • Thirteen Colonies • Lord Baltimore, a Catholic founds Maryland; religious freedom • James Ogelthorpe founds Georgia as a haven for debtors • By 1752 there are 13 British colonies in North America

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