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Data Communication Systems and Networks. CSCI 465 Martin van Bommel Lecture 1. Data & Information. What is data? Elements that can be represented by a finite set of symbols, such as digits or alphabets What is information? a tangible, measurable thing a subjective construction.
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Data Communication Systemsand Networks CSCI 465 Martin van Bommel Lecture 1
Data & Information • What is data? • Elements that can be represented by a finite set of symbols, such as digits or alphabets • What is information? • a tangible, measurable thing • a subjective construction
What Is Communication? • Symbolic • Representational • “The map is not the territory.” • Communication is only as good as the representation • Examples • spoken language, gestures, actions, icons
Human Communication vs. Data Communication • Human communication is richer, less predictable • Words vary in meaning with context • Many factors influence meaning and perception of message • Data communication is more precise • Exact replication of information • Computers do not interpret, they simply relay
Telecommunication • Uses electricity to transmit messages • Speed of electricity dramatically extends reach • Sound waves: ~670 mph • Electricity: ~186,000 (speed of light) • Bandwidth= information-carrying capacity of a channel
Data Communication • Adding storage overcomes time constraints • Store-and-forward communication • E-mail • voice mail • facsimile • file transfer • WWW
Information and Communication • Companies depend on generation and movement of information • Communications technology fundamental • Enables reshaping of corporations • Communication technology driving change • Allows geographical dispersal • Becomes management nightmare
Information Communication • Voice communications - telephone • PSTN and PBX • Data communications - text and numbers • Image communications - fax and beyond • Video communications - videoconferencing
Data Communications, Data Networks, and the Internet “The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point” The Mathematical Theory of Communication by Claude Shannon
Changes in Networking Technology • Emergence of high-speed LANs • Centralized servers, distributed workgroups • High-speed local backbones • Corporate WAN needs • Data intensive applications spread across wide geographical areas • Digital electronics • Much higher bandwidth required for video/image
Three Layer Modelfor Enterprise Communication • Applications • Seen by end users • Voice, email, IM, image, video, collaborations • Enterprise services • Design, maintenance, and support of apps • Capacity management and QoS provisions • Infrastructure • Communication links, LANs, WANs, Internet access
Convergence of Communication Facilities - Benefits • Efficiency • Better use of existing resources • Centralized capacity planning, asset management, and policy management • Effectiveness • Flexibility, mobility, enhanced connectivity • Rapid standardized service deployment • Transformation • Enterprise-wide adoption of global standards
Transmission Lines • The basic building block of any communications facility is the transmission line. • The business manager is concerned with a facility providing the required capacity, with acceptable reliability, at minimum cost. • However, the use of compression, multiplexing, load sharing, and other line features can significantly affect the end choice
Transmission Media • Convert electronic signal to transmit over some medium • Twisted-pair, coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, terrestrial and satellite microwave (wireless) Fiber optic transmissions Wireless transmissions
Data Transmission • Communication techniques • analog vs digital, synchronous vs asynchronous • modulation, flow control, interfaces • error detection and correction • Multiplexing and compression
Networks • LAN - Local Area Network • single building or cluster of buildings • ethernet, token ring, star, wireless • WAN - Wide Area Network • city-to-city, country-to-country • telephone, ISDN, ATM, etc. • Wireless Network • radio, microwave, satellite
Internet • Internet evolved from ARPANET • Developed to solve the dilemma of communicating across arbitrary, multiple, packet-switched network • TCP/IP provides the foundation