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Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters

SHELTER Session for t rainings. Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters. Shelter after disaster…. What is shelter Emerging trends & challenges – the big picture Phases in shelter Shelter as a process not a product Shelter in emergency operations The shelter tools Time: 90 minutes.

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Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters

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  1. SHELTER Session for trainings Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters

  2. Shelter after disaster… • What is shelter • Emerging trends & challenges – the big picture • Phases in shelter • Shelter as a process not a product • Shelter in emergency operations • The shelter tools Time: 90 minutes

  3. Defining “shelter”…

  4. Shelter concept on a disaster response…

  5. Some shelter numbers… • 66 million – people with houses damaged by 2007 Asia floods (Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, DPRK, Vietnam, India) • 1.8 million– homes destroyed or damaged in Pakistan by the last Floods in 2010 • 47.9%- housing as a percentage of total cost of tsunami damage in Indonesia • CHF 100 million - IFRC spend on Aceh transitional shelter programme • 140,000 HH helped by RCRC in Haiti with Emergency Shelter (covering kit, tents & STK) • CHF 310 - cost of a family tent to international specifications • CHF 100– cost of air freighting one family tent • CHF 60– cost of IFRC Shelter Kit • CHF 600– cost of building materials, tools, fixings etc. for Pakistan earthquake transitional shelter 2006

  6. Disaster trends… Climate change + urbanisation + social & economic marginalisation = INCREASED SHELTER RISK

  7. IFRC and shelter… • IFRC is the leading agency in the shelter sector for natural disasters– and few other agencies have shelter in their mandate • National Societies implement a wide range of emergency, transitional and permanent housing. However only since 2006 IFRC has created a Shelter Department.

  8. Before disaster Beyond emergency response The process of sheltering… Disaster & emergency response Before disaster over time households build, extend and upgrade houses using materials, cash, contracted local labour or self-help Beyond emergency response households will over time extend and upgrade shelter solutions provided using materials, cash, contracted local labour or self-help Emergency response should support the sheltering process providing materials, cash, contracted local labour or self-help + technical support as appropriate

  9. Product vs. process… Product / Phase Approach Tent Container House Process/ Needs Approach: Support Money Guidance Materials Tools

  10. Shelter Operations… • Assessments • Programming and Coordination • Implementation • Monitoring and Evaluation

  11. Informed assessments • Assessments: Rapid, detailed, ongoing • What are affected households doing themselves to meet their shelter needs and how can we assist them? (use Sphere 2011 Shelter Checklist – adapt as needed) • Consider separate needs of: • Those displaced temporarily or permanently • From those who can return to the site of their damaged/destroyed home • The issues of tenure

  12. Displaced and non-displaced population

  13. Shelter Programming Emergency Shelter (live saving) – 3 options: 1. Coverage kit: (2 tarps + rope) 2. Shelter Kit: (2 tarps + tools (includes rope + fixings)) 3. Family tent(tents can delay recovery process) + basic/simple technical advice + complemented with NFIs + new HH kit. Early recovery Shelter – 5 options: 1. Transitional shelter (T-shelter) 2. Construction material (roofing, walling, flooring) 3. Tools 4. Cash & Voucher/ credit card 5. Technical support/ awareness campaign (safe shelter) Get Emergency Shelter going & move to Early Recovery ASAP

  14. Coverage Kit • Contents: • 2 tarpaulins (to specs) + 20 metres of rope (10 kg) • Technical advice (one pager on how to fix tarp to rope, wood, and bamboo) • Cost: 40 CHF • Challenges: Rope has to be bought locally. • When to use: • Need for quick, low cost response • There are other materials available (salvaged…) • Plastic Sheeting Guidelines, Shade Nets Guidelines

  15. IFRC Shelter Kit • Contents: • 2 tarps + Shelter Toolkit (20Kg) • Technical advice (one flyer on how to fix tarp to rope, wood, and bamboo) • Cost: 60 CHF • Challenges: • Bulkier than coverage kit. Machetes. • When to use: • Variety of situations, versatile • There are other materials available (salvaged…) • Shelter kit guidelines + SK training

  16. Use of “Shelter Kit”… Repair or build

  17. Family tent • Contents: • 16m2 family tent (64 kg) • Technical advice (one-pager on where to put the tent, how to prepare the ground and how to erect it) • Cost: 310 CHF • Challenges: difficult to combine, evolve, adapt • When to use: • Life-saving need for quick answer and no materials available • Big emergencies (all solutions are needed) • Non-technical reasons • Political issues (Gvmt/ HNS) • Tent guidelines (available with assembly instruction)

  18. Implementation Shelter response…

  19. Implementation EMERGENCY Shelter response…

  20. Implementation EARLY RECOVERY Shelter response…

  21. Other aspects to consider… • Lack of shelter counterpart within HNS • Shelter response should be linked with watsan, health, livelihood (integrated approach) and general relief programming. • Shelter is often a key component of recovery programming – consider household livelihood activities and potential local economic impact of shelter response. • Procurement & Logistics and relief are key to successful shelter. • Gender and crosscutting issues • Include monitoring &evaluation of the solution in budget.

  22. Shelter resources and support • Globally pre-positioned tarps, shelter kits and tents inRegional Logistics Units • Emergency Items Catalogue (ERIC) online www.ifrc.org/emergency-items • FedNet & DMIS: tools and resources, guidelines, videos, documents, examples • Technical focal points within Secretariat (ZO & GVA) to support shelter response, specifications, programming tools, guidance, and longer term programming

  23. Shelter & Settlement TECHNICAL support IFRC HEAD QUARTER (GVA) IFRC ZONE OFFICES

  24. For more information…

  25. Questions? Thanks for your interest !

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