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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. The Human Eye. Physics Review. Light Electromagnetic radiation Wavelength determines quality Measured in nanometers Why light? Reliable: Travels very fast and straight Prevalent: Lots of it Informative: Reflected/Absorbed by surface molecules . The Head. Eye placement:

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 The Human Eye

  2. Physics Review • Light • Electromagnetic radiation • Wavelength determines quality • Measured in nanometers • Why light? • Reliable: Travels very fast and straight • Prevalent: Lots of it • Informative: Reflected/Absorbed by surface molecules

  3. The Head • Eye placement: • Lateral vs. Frontal • Skull: Orbit • Eye Movement • 6 extra-ocular muscles: • Conjugate: move together • Vergence: move opposite • Eyelids: • Protection and moisture • Blinking and Distance • Tears

  4. Eye Function • Image: light distribution that preserves the spatial ordering of locations in space • Image formation – reversing light divergence • Optical power of: • 1) cornea: 2/3rds of eye’s optical power • 2) lens: flexing called accommodation

  5. Eye Structure • Three layers: • Protecting: Fibrous Tunic • Nourishing: Vascular Tunic • Detecting: Retina

  6. Fibrous Tunic • Sclera – “white” of eye, dense material, gives eye it’s shape • Cornea – transparent “bulge”, allows light into eye

  7. Out of Focus

  8. Problems with Lens • Presbyopia: • loss of sight with age • Astigmatism: • Distortion of cornea

  9. Vascular Tunic • Choroid • Pigment epithelium • Contains blood vessels and capillaries • Reduces light scatter and disposes of waste • Anterior Chamber • Manufactures aqueous humor • Contains: • Iris/Pupil • Lens

  10. Retina • Contains photoreceptors • Landmarks: • Macula (1.5mm diameter): focus of eye, contains fovea • Optic Disk: “blind spot”

  11. Photoreceptors • Order of stimulation:

  12. Photopigments • Two components • Opsin: large protein, 3 types • Retinal: from vitamin A • Phototransduction

  13. Wavelength Sensitivities

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