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“STGR for Distributed Generation in Rural Settings with co – generation in India”

“STGR for Distributed Generation in Rural Settings with co – generation in India”. 5th Nuclear Energy Conclave Friday, 6th September 2013, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi. By: Remond R. Pahladsingh NEW DELHI SEPTEMBER 06 - 2013. My Background. Aluminum Industry ( ALCOA )

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“STGR for Distributed Generation in Rural Settings with co – generation in India”

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  1. “STGR for Distributed Generation in Rural Settings with co – generation in India” 5th Nuclear Energy Conclave Friday, 6th September 2013, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi By: Remond R. Pahladsingh NEW DELHI SEPTEMBER 06 - 2013

  2. My Background • Aluminum Industry (ALCOA) • Nuclear Industry (The NETHERLANDS GKN & USA – PRA manager – ESBWR) • Power Generation and Distribution (Power T&Dand Strategic Planning and Electricity Technology RoadmapSEP/TENNET • Impact Deregulation • Impact Liberalization • HTGR From 2007(after K6/K7 ACCIDENT): • INHERENTLY SAFE NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

  3. INDIA IN THE NUCLEAR WORLD TILL 2006 - IN THE ISOLATED NUCLEAR WORLD FOR POWER GENERATION - THE CANDU TECHNOLOGY WAS THE ONLY TECHNOLOGY FOR INDIA. MOST CANDU REACTORS IN CANADA AND INDIA. IS THE CANDU THE BEST TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE OF INDIA?

  4. AN OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATIONAND THOUSANDS OF JOBS U.S. President George W. Bush and India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh exchange handshakes in New Delhi on March 2, 2006

  5. THE STGR FITS EXCELLENTLY IN THIS INDIAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM

  6. PLANNED NEW REACTORS PAGE 1PLANNED REACTORS DO NOT FIT IN THORIUM NUCLEAR PROGRAM FOR INDIA

  7. PLANNED NEW REACTORS PAGE 2PLANNED (BLUE) REACTORS DO NOT FIT IN THORIUM NUCLEAR PROGRAM FOR INDIA

  8. Business » Markets New Delhi, June 13, 2012 Updated: June 13, 2012 17:49 ISTIndia’s import bill jumps 40% to $140 billion http://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/indias-import-bill-jumps-40-to-140-billion/article3523906.ece Petroleum Minister S.Jaipal Reddy. File photo: PTI

  9. INDIA COAL FOR POWER GENERATION 355 x 1000.000 x 87 = 30.88 BILLION $ PER YEAR. 60 % POWER GENERATION CAPACITY. IMPORTS: 15.5 BILLION $/YEAR

  10. India coal imports hit record high on slow domestic output: sourcesReuters  New Delhi, May 08, 2013 http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/WorldEconomy/ India-coal-imports-hit-record-high-on-slow-domestic-output-sources/Article1-1056877.aspx A drop in global coal prices, however, softened the impact of the surging imports on India's finances, with the country forking out about $15.5 billion for the commodity in the year ended March 31, a less than 1% rise from the previous year, the data obtained by Reuters showed. Benchmark prices slid to as low as $80.82 a tonne during 2012/13 from more than $105 in the prior year and are currently quoted at around $87. TEN-CONSORTIUMS SOLUTION: 1: MINIMIZE OIL IMPORTS FOR 140 BILLION $/YEAR 2: STOP COAL IMPORTS FOR 15.5 BILLION $/YEAR TOTAL SAVINGS CAN REACH (140 + 15.5) = 155.5 BILLION $/YEAR.

  11. INDIA THORIUM DEPOSITSSource: IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency – TECDOC 1450 NEWS 04-SEPTEMBER-2013 30 % OF THORIUM ALREADY EXPORTED

  12. CONSEQUENCES EXPORT OF THORIUM • IF PROVEN DEPOSITS ARE 319.000 TONS, THAN INDIA HAS EXPORTED ALREADY (195.300/319.000) = 61 % OF ITS THORIUM. • IF PROVEN DEPOSITS ARE 650.000 TONS, THAN ALREADY (195.000/650.000) = 30 % OF ITS THORIUM • FOR 250.000 MW POWER GENERATION WE NEED 80 TONS OF THORIUM PER YEAR. • 80 TONS OF THORIUM @ 200 $/KG = 16 MILLION $ FOR RAW MATERIAL PER YEAR. • INDIA GAVE AWAY 195.000/80 = 2.440 YEAR OF ELECTRICITY (NOT INCLUDED COGENERATION).

  13. MR. TULI’S REQUEST TO VISIT INDIA IN 2007 FOR SGR AS IPP PLANT • VISIT KARNATAKA – POWER SECTOR • VISIT GUJARAT - GMDC • VISIT MAHARASHTRA- MINISTER ENERGY • VISIT MADHYA PRADESH- MINISTER ENERGY • VISIT GOA – CHIEF MINISTER • THE STGR COULD HAVE BEEN IN OPERATION IN INDIA IN 2010!!!

  14. GREAT EXPECTATION IN INDIA FOR THE FUTURE UNCLEAR NUCLEAR INDUSTRY • 2004: • IN 2004 INSAC CONFERENCE • 2007: • DREAM OPEN MARKET FOR IPP NUCLEAR POWER • INVASION OF INDIA BY INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR INDUSTRY FOR LARGE POWER PLANTS • GREAT EXPECTATIONS FOR NUCLEAR IPP TO ENTER THE INDIAN ENERGY MARKET • SET- BACK WAS THE K6/K7 (Kashiwazaki 6 and 7-GE-ABWR) ACCIDENT IN JAPAN • 2010: • INDIAN DECISION NOT TO OPEN THE MARKET • 2011: • REAL SET BACK WAS THE FUKUSHIMA ACCIDENT (RECENT LEAKS WATER!!!)

  15. LETTER PM The NETHERLANDS OPPORTUNITIES IN THE COLLABORATION: 1: ONE (1) STGR/DAY - 30 BILLION €/YEAR MULTIPLIER (3) - 90 € BILLION/YEAR 2: FUEL: 270 STGR/YEAR 90 x 75.000 PEBBELS/YR 90 x75.000x € 50 = 337.5 € MILLION/YR 1ST YEAR

  16. SINCE 2007 AFTER KASHIWAZAKI K6/K7 EARTHQUAKE INCIDENT IN JAPAN, FOCUS OF TEN|CONSORTIUM ONLY ON INHERENTLY SAFE NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

  17. PARTNERS COVRA N.V.

  18. STGR 20 – 2 x 20 MW Power Stationby EPC CONTRACTOR RRI & M+W

  19. THORIUM FUEL CYCLE IN THE STGR20 SAFEST NUCLEAR BREADING/FISSION PROCES: REACTOR HP STEAM ELECTRIC POWER STEAM GENERATOR STEAM TO MED CONDENSATE

  20. STGR PRECESSORS: AVR, THTR, HTR-10 AND HTR - PM THTR-300 Germany 1986 - 1989 HTR-10 Beijing 2000 - present THE STGR TECHNOLOGY IS since 1986 (or Later in 2000) OUT OF R&D OR PROTOTYPE PHASE. AFTER THE THTR THE 200 MW HTR-PM IS THE NEW COMMERCIAL PEBBLE BED REACTOR THE HTR-2014 CONFERENCE WILL BE AT THE SITE WHERE THE HTR-PM IS BUILT AT THE MOMENT HTR-PM China 2015

  21. DAWN OF MICROPOWER(THE IMPACT OF DEREGULATION AND LIBERALIZATION)

  22. STGR FOR RURAL SETTINGS INDIA WITH 100.000 VILLAGES NEEDS DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND CO-GENERATION

  23. ADVANTAGE OF STGR FOR LOCAL POWER GRIDSIN RURAL SETTINGS No Diesel Generators No Airpollution High Reliability Power High Quality Power Minimal Power Losses

  24. The AVR in Juelich in Rural Settings

  25. INHERENTLY SAFE HTR-10 in Beijing in RURAL SETTING (2000 – PRESENT)

  26. INHERENT SAFETY HOW MANY REACTOR YEARS DO YOU NEED TO PROVE THE SAFETY FOR AN INHERENT SAFE REACTOR CURRENT REACTORS NEED MANY OPERATING YEARS TO PROVE THAT THE SAFETY SYSTEMS CAN DEAL WITH ANY ACCIDENTS.

  27. SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR BOILING WATER REACTOR (FUKUSHIMA) • Safety systems PRESENT BWR NUCLEAR REACTORS • 1.1 Reactor Protection System (RPS) • 1.2 Emergency core-cooling system (ECCS) - • 1.2.1 High-pressure coolant injection system (HPCI)NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.2.2 Isolation Condenser (IC)NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.2.3 Reactor core isolation cooling system (RCIC)NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.2.4 Automatic depressurization system (ADS)NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.2.5 Low-pressure core spray system (LPCS)NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.2.6 Low-pressure coolant injection system (LPCI)NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.2.7 Depressurization valve system (DPVS) / passive containment cooling system (PCCS) / gravity-driven cooling system (GDCS)NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.3 Standby liquid control system (SLCS) - NOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.4 Containment systemNOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.4.1 Varieties of BWR containmentsNOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.4.2 Containment Isolation SystemNOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.5 Hydrogen managementNOT NEEDED IN STGR • 1.6 The safety systems in action: the Design Basis AccidentNOT SAME Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor_safety_systems

  28. SAFE AND INHERENTLY SAFE REACTORS • CURRENT SAFE NUCLEAR REACTORS NEED WITH MANY YEARS OF OPERATION TO PROVE THAT THE SAFETY SYSTEMS “DEFENCE IN DEPTH” CAN DEAL WITH ANY ACCIDENT AND COMPLY WITH THE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS. THEY STILL FAIL • THE INHERENTLY SAFE STGR NUCLEAR REACTOR NEEDS ONE “1” REACTOR TO PROVE IT CAN HANDLE ANY POSTULATED ACCIDENT FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS. THE STGR HAS THREE (3) PREDECESSORS : (1) AVR, (2) HTR -10 AND (3) SOON HTR PM 200.

  29. CHERNOBYL, HARRISBURG, FUKUSHIMA ACCIDENTS AND ABSOLUTE SAFE TEST HTR 10 1 - CHERNOBYL FISSION ACCIDENT 2 HARRISBURG ACCIDENT – CORE MELT FUKUSHIMA ACCIDENT – COREMELT + HYDROGEN EXPLOSION STGR HTR 10 ACCIDENT 1 AND 2 TESTED ON HTR 10 HTR 10 STOPS AND HAS TO BE RESTARTED Date: 24 September 2004; 10:30 hours Beijing, China HTR 10: Test: 1: Remove control rod; positive reactivity addition 5.0*10-3 k/k 2: Stop helium coolant circulator

  30. PRESENT BWR WITH SAFETY SYSTEMS (No Isolation Condenser) SIMPLE STGR WITH NO SAFETY SYSTEMS

  31. THE STGR POWER STATION AND ITS FUEL

  32. STGR 20 THORIUM STEAM CYCLE POWER PLANT REACTOR STEAM GENERATOR STEAMTURBINE and GENERATOR HP STEAM ELECTRIC POWER STEAM for RESIDENTIAL HEATING SYSTEM CONDENSATE from RESIDENTAIL HEATING SYSTEM

  33. THE STGR MAIN FEATURES : • SIMPLICITY • INHERENT SAFETY • LOW COST ELECTRICITY (ABOUT 5 $cent per kWh. • HIGH QUALITY DRINKING WATER FOR 3 cent per Liter • AIR-CONDITIONING WITH ABSORPTION COOLING (Proven Technology) • USED PEBBLES FOR GAMMA-RADIATION APPLICATIONS (Food Preservation - NEW)

  34. Simple Controlroom HTR-10

  35. THORIUM, THE OTHER FUEL .By: Prof. Dr. J.A. Goedkoop, Date: 27-January 1994 (Late director of the ECN NetherlandsThe fission of uranium has become a mature technique. Disadvantages are the proliferation danger and the creation of long-living actinides, which make geological storage necessary. An alternative is the fission of thorium (THROUGH U233).

  36. FUEL PLANT: NO MULTI BILLION $ PLANT(IDEAL FOR EMPLOYMENT AND MANY LOCAL JOBS) CONSTRUCTION FUEL PLANT: 24 MONTHS FUEL PLANT COST: 30 MILLION DOLLAR OUTPUT: 1.000.000 PEBBELS PER YEAR PRICE PER PEBBLE: 50 € (50 MILLION PER YEAR)

  37. FUEL KERNEL WITH Pu AND Th

  38. FRESH STGR FUEL IS SAFE

  39. STGR APPLICATIONS THE STGR IS FACTORY MANUFACTURED AND TRANSPORTED TO THE SELECTED SITE FOR ERECTION. THIS GUARANTEES MINIMAL CONSTRUCTION TIME OF 36 MONTHS. THE STGR IS IDEAL FOR “PRODUCTION IN SERIES” AND THE FUEL IS IDEAL FOR “MASS PRODUCTION”. ALL CAN BE: MADE IN INDIA

  40. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION WITH 3: PROCESS HEAT

  41. THE PROBLEM FOR INDIA, CHINA AND SOUTH AFRICA

  42. GAMMARAYSFOR FOODPRESERVATION

  43. STGR AND AIR POLLUTION FREE HYDROGEN ECONOMY Super Grid of the Future Integrates Superconducting Transmission with H2 and Electricity Energy Carriers Home School Supermarket Family Car STGR 20 plant H2 MgB2 Hydrogen Pumpstation Source: EPRI

  44. WHAT CAN STGR DO FOR INDIA USA ROADMAP 500 MW/DAY

  45. CONCLUSIONS - 1 • INDIA HAS AROUND 600.000 TONNES OF THORIUM DEPOSITS AND EXPORTED AROUND 30% OF THAT SO FAR, AS PER CNIS NOT AN OPEN MARKET FOR NUCLEAR INNOVATION. THIS CREATES A HUGE LOSS OF FOREIGN CURRENCY OF OVER REPORT • 80 TONNES OF THORIUM CAN SUSTAIN 250.000 MW OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY EQUIVALENT TO REQUIRING 1250 MILLION TONNES PER YEAR OF COAL. • STGR IS A MATURE TECHNOLOGY AND SPEADY MULTIPLICATION OF THESE SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS CAN CHANGE THE ECONOMY OF INDIA. • STGR WITH SIMPLE DESIGN AND MODULAR MANUFACTURING IS THE SAFEST, MINIMAL ECONOMICAL RISK, NUCLEAR REACTOR AVAILABLE IN THE WORLD TODAY. • LOCAL STGR’S CAN TREMENDOUSLY REDUCE THE T&D LOSSES IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND REDUCE THEFT AND IMPROVE ACCOUNTING

  46. CONCLUSIONS - 2 • STGR CAN GIVE: • PURE DRINKING WATER FROM SEA • PRESERVATION OF FOOD • HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN OF PEAK HOURS FOR MIXING WITH NATURAL GAS • AIR CONDITIONING WITH ABSORPTION COOLING • TEN|CONSORTIUM IS OPEN TO ENTER IN TECHNICAL COLLABORATION WITH BARC AND HELP SET UP WITH NPCIL/ONGC FEW DEMOMSTRATION PLANTS TO ESTABLISH STGR TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA BY 2017 • INDIA INNOVATE !!

  47. STGR 20 – 2 x 20 MW (RRI & M+W)

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