Chapter 4 Communication and Control

1. Chapter 4 Communication and Control Vocabulary Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) (PNS) Brain Spinal Cord All parts of the Nervous System Neuron A specialized cell to receive and conduct electrical impulses

2. Nerve Brain A collection of fibers which impulses through travel of the body Main control center Reflex Retina An involuntary and immediate movement in response to a stimulus A layer of light - sensitive cells

3. Endocrine System Cochlea A fluid-filled organ of the inner ear Controls body functions Gland Hormone A chemical messenger made in one cell that causes a change in another cell A group of cells that make up special chemicals for your body

4. Section1: The Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Central Nervous System (CNS) The Nervous System has two parts: 1) Central (CNS) 2) Peripheral (PNS) The CNS acts as the control center for your body. The PNS carries information to and from the CNS. Brain and Spinal cord 1) What does the CNS consist of?___________________ Arms and Legs CNS 2) What system acts as the control for your body?__________________ PNS

5. Peripheral Nervous System All parts of the Nervous System The PNS connects all parts of your body to the CNS. The PNS uses special nerves to carry the information to the CNS. These special nerves are called 
neurons. PNS 1) ____________ uses special nerves to carry information. CNS PNS 2) __________ connects to all parts of the body. CNS 3) What is the special nerve called?____________ neuron axon

6. A collection of fibers which impulses through travel of the body Nerve Nerves are everywhere in your body. Nerves have axons that are both sensory neurons and motor neurons. The axon in the nerve transmits information from the spinal cord to the muscle fibers. 1) Nerves have _____________ that are both sensory and motor neurons. axons muscles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjyI4CmBOA0 Click on the blue button to watch a video on the nervous system.

7. Brain Main control center Many processes that the Brain controls happens automatically. a) You cannot stop food from digesting. b) This is called an involuntary process. c) Some actions are voluntary. d) When you move your arm, this is a voluntary process. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z48xmSxo8Co Click on the blue button to watch a video on the brain. digesting food 1) What action is an involuntary process?________________ eating food move your arm 2) What action is a voluntary action?_________________ digest food

8. Section 2: Responding to the Environment An involuntary and immediate movement in response to a stimulus Reflex When you step on something sharp, pain receptors in your foot send impulses to your spinal cord. This involuntary action is called a Reflex. involuntary 1) Reflex is an ______________________action. voluntary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZRVmjWZVXM Click on the blue buttons to watch a short video on reflexes. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dU8kehupjEY

9. A layer of light - sensitive cells Retina Your eyes are sensory organs. Your eyes detect light which enables 
your brain to form visual images. The retina is packed with photoreceptors. a) rods b) cones Rods are sensitive to dim light. Cones are sensitive to bright light. 1) The retina has two photoreceptors__________________________. rods & cones square & circle

10. Hearing A fluid-filled organ of the inner ear Cochlea A coiled tube that is found in the inner ear. Ears are specialized organs for hearing. Neurons in the cochlea change the waves into electrical impulses. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9GYaSngkVE Click on the blue button to watch a video on inner ear hearing. 1) What special kind of tube is found in the inner ear?__________________ coiled square 2) A fluid-filled organ in the inner ear is called?___________________ Cochlea Retina

11. Endocrine System Controls body functions The Endocrine System controls body 
functions by using chemicals that are 
made by the endocrine glands. a. These glands secrete hormones and regulate growth, development and homeostasis. b. regulates fluid balance. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gH8dGK7s6lY Click here to watch a video on the endocrine system. 1) What system regulates growth and development?____________________ nervous endocrine 2) The Endocrine system controls body functions by using _________________? nervous chemicals

12. A group of cells that make up special chemicals for your body Gland Some Endocrine Glands are: pituitary: stimulates skeletal growth regulates the amount of water in your blood thyroid: controls growth hormones for normal 
body growth controls your metabolism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wh6e_5bCfnw Click the blue button to watch a video on glands. 1) What gland controls growth hormones?_______________ pituitary thyroid 2) What gland stimulates skeletal growth?_____________________ thyroid pituitary

13. A chemical messenger made in one cell that causes a change in another cell Hormone A substance that is made on one cell or 
tissue and that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of 
the body. Hormone medications can be used to treat endocrine disorders. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGJNhPJN_UU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGJNhPJN_UU Click on the blue button to watch a video on target cell interactions. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8uXewS9dJU Click on the blue button to watch a video on cells and tissues. 1) What medications can be used to treat disorders?__________________ hormone tissue 2) Hormones are __________________messengers. cell chemical