Give me three….

1. Give me three…. • Impacts if a country enters Stage 5 of the DTM. • Impacts India may be facing in the future. • Ways in which a country can gather accurate population data. • Issues with collecting accurate population data in the developing world. • Things you have done on your assignment over the Holidays.

2. Assignment Deadlines • Full Draft Handed In (including Processed Info) = Monday 29th October. • Drop in Sessions – Tuesday/Thursday after school. • Email – Liam.2.Smith@firrhill.edin.sch.uk – any help needed.

4. Migration

5. What do you need to know? • Voluntary and Forced Migration Case Study: • Causes • Impacts on Donor and Host Countries

6. Migration – What do you know? What have you heard or seen?

7. “We have loads of Syrians in the UK!” “All immigrants are terrorists.” “Build the wall!” “Terrorist attacks wouldn’t happen if we closed our borders.” “Refugees = illegal immigrants.” “Immigrants steal our jobs”

8. Definitions and Examples • Migration • Emigrant • Immigrant • Rural – Urban Migration • Urban – Rural Migration • Voluntary Migration • Forced Migration • Economic Migrant • Refugee • Asylum Seeker

12. “They’re bringing drugs.They’re bringing crime. They’re rapists.”

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jaz1J0s-cL4

15. Mexico  USA Case Study

16. Learning Intentions • To explain the different reasons why people are migrating from Mexico to the USA. • To explain the possible impacts of this on both the donor and host countries.

17. Some Facts • 2000km border between Mexico and the USA. • Over 1 million Mexicans migrate to USA every year – illegal immigration is a major problem. • 11.6 million legal Mexicans migrants living in the USA (2013) • Heavy border control by USA border control. • Border has most legal crossings in the world – five million cars and trucks travel through annually. • Secure Fence Act of 2006 – allowing 1,100km of high security fencing, and an ability to stop and prevent along 208 km. • Migration from Mexico to the United States has accelerated rapidly to the point where about nine percent of the population born in Mexico is now living in the United States.

18. http://www.citylab.com/politics/2015/06/photographing-the-us-mexico-border-fence/395612/http://www.citylab.com/politics/2015/06/photographing-the-us-mexico-border-fence/395612/

19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOeSgKs94t0

20. Why do you think people are moving from Mexico to USA (push and pull factors)?

21. What is going on?

23. Read through cards A to X. • Look at the questions and fill in the answers underneath each question. Use the cards to make your answers detailed. A) Who is Enrique? Where is he from? B) What is he attempting to do? C) Give reasons why is he trying to do this? D) How desperate is Enrique? Circle your answer 1) very desperate 2) slightly desperate 3) not very desperate 4) not at all desperate E) How do you know this?

24. Why migrate? • Work opportunities – low skilled (painting, moving etc.) • 5% of Mexico are undernourished – USA better food supply. • 88% safe drinking water in Mexico – risk of water bourne diseases (cholera). • Average hourly wage in Mexico = $3.49  $6.75 in California • Send money back home to family – support them. • Mexico has high unemployment – declining indisutry such as mining. • USA spends more money on healthcare and education = better literacy rates etc. • Less poverty = 18% of Mexico live on less than 60p a day. Less than 1% in USA. • Better standard of living = 80% of USA have cars, 20% in Mexico.

25. Why do people migrate from Mexico  USA?

26. Why migrate to America? • For people living in the world’s poorer countries, the USA is very attractive. • Since 1940 many Mexican have migrated northwards to the USA. • Most migrants go to America in search of work and the chance to earn money – earn more in a month in America than a year in Mexico. • They hope to rid themselves of the poverty and unemployment of Mexico. • Crime rates in Mexico - Homicide rates come in at around 10-14 per 100,000 people (world average 10.9 per 100,000) • Large population is rural farmers – land is hard to farm due to high temperatures and poor soil. • Existing migrant communities in states such as Texas and California help people to settle once moved.

28. “The American Dream” • The United States has much to offer migrants. • Many opportunities • High standard of living • Attractive way of life • One of the wealthiest places in the world • Jobs are readily available • Education is good • Healthcare is excellent

29. Jotters Closed! Reasons for migration between Mexico and USA.

30. 76, 13.2% 99% 86.1% 51.3% 71st 79

32. Question • With reference to a named example that you have studied of either forced or voluntary migration, explain reasons why the migration took place. 8 marks = 9 minutes.

34. Should USA now be worried by Honduras? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9nRap0DB_M • https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-45933845 They say they are fleeing persecution, poverty and violence in their home countries. US President Donald Trump continues to ramp up pressure on governments in the region to halt the caravan before it hits the southern US border, which Trump has threatened to shut down. He has also threatened to cut aid to Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador

35. Stacey Dooley https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiQdFqtZqu0

37. Impacts of Migration

38. What sort of work do migrants do? • Most migrants do unskilled and low paid work. But even in these occupations they can earn more in a month than they could in a full year in Mexico. • eg: farm work, food processing factories, home helps, construction projects, hotel and restaurant work.

42. Impact of Migration – HOST/DONOR

43. Thinking Skills Advantages to Host Advantages to Donor Disadvantages to Host Disadvantages to Donor

44. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE BIRTH RATES CULTURE TAXES GDP RESOURCES LOW WAGES HATE LANGUAGE PROFITS TYPE OF JOB SEND MONEY SKILLS MALES

45. Cut and Stick Task! • Cut out the statements and stick it under the correct heading: • Adv to Host (USA) • Dis to Host (USA) • Adv to Donor (Mexico) • Dis to Donor (Mexico)

46. Advantages to Host Country • Increase GDP – Mexican immigrants contribute 4% to USA GDP. • More taxes are paid so services can improve • Cultural diversity – new foods, music, language – USA has more Spanish speakers than spain. • Cheaper labour so companies make profits • Migrants will do unskilled work which people don’t want to do.

47. Advantages to Donor Country • Reduces pressure on resources (hospitals, schools, housing) • Migrants learn skills in receiving country which they can transfer back home. • Migrants send money back home to family – this stimulates the local economy - $23 billion dollars sent back to Mexico in 2011. • Loss of young adults can cause a fall in the birth rates -> this is a benefit particularly if the country is overpopulated.

48. Disadvantages to Host Country • Cultural tensions as people fear jobs are being taken – violent anti-Hispanic crime from 0.6 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2011, to 2.0 per 1,000 in 2012. • Language barriers as cannot speak the native language • Migrants send money back – means it wont be reinvested into the economy. • Migrants can keep wages low for rest of nation as they will work for a cheaper price.

49. Disadvantages to Donor Country • Loss of young adults can cause a fall in the birth rates -> this could mean that the future economically active will be small leading to a higher dependency ratio – birth rate is reducing in Mexico! • predominantly male, skilled workers are lost leading to family break up. • there will be a reduced workforce (mainly males) leading to employment shortages in some occupations (e.g. builders)

50. Good summary of what you need to know. • https://geographyas.info/population/mexico-to-usa-migration/