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Section 2

Section 2. The Middle Kingdoms. After A.D. 400, several large trading kingdoms arose in West Africa. Refugees (people who flee for safety) from Kush brought iron-smelting to the West. Ancient & Present Ghana. Ancient Ghana. Present Day Ghana. Ancient Ghana. Ancient Ghana.

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Section 2

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  1. Section 2 The Middle Kingdoms

  2. After A.D. 400, several large trading kingdoms arose in West Africa. Refugees (people who flee for safety) from Kush brought iron-smelting to the West.

  3. Ancient & Present Ghana

  4. Ancient Ghana Present Day Ghana

  5. Ancient Ghana

  6. Ancient Ghana • Developed 400 miles NW of present day Ghana • Became trading nation • Most important goods: salt and gold

  7. Ghana • Founded A.D. 200 • Began iron-smelting in A.D. 350 • Leader is the “Ghana” • Warriors expanded boundaries and controlled trade

  8. Trade Develops • Ghana controls trade between north and south • Caravans paid in gold nuggets to use routes • Ghana rich in gold mines • Camel plays huge role introduced in 600s by Arabs

  9. Gold / Salt Trade • Salt from Taghaza (present day Algeria) (Arabs) • Gold from Wangara (S.W. Ghana) • Merchants used a method called silent barter

  10. Silent Barter • Merchants would travel to Wangara with salt and other goods; they would put goods down and beat a drum; then retreat • Gold miners would leave gold in place

  11. If merchants were satisfied, they would take gold and leave • If not satisfied, they would retreat until gold miners brought more gold

  12. Gold was then shipped to Europe and Asia for sale What problems do you see with foreign involvement?

  13. Decline • Jealousy, fear and anger led to attacks – insignificant • 1076 A.D. – Muslims (Almoravid) attacked – weakened empire • 1235 – part of the Empire of Mali

  14. Present Day Ghana

  15. Ghana Accra

  16. Geography of Today’s Ghana • About the size of Oregon • Tropical climate (around equator) • No natural harbors along 300 mile coast • Tropical swamps

  17. Brush-covered plains • Humid rain-forests • 2/3 is savanna • 2 rivers: Black Volta & White Volta join to form Volta River which empties into Gulf of Guinea

  18. Ashanti • 1670s – Osei Tutu • Kumasi – chief city • Military and trading empire

  19. The Golden Stool • tells of the birth of the Ashanti kingdom • 1600s – meeting was held of tribal clans • Golden Stool was summoned down from heaven by the priest for Ashanti king, Osei Tutu I • sacred - contains the 'Sunsum' — spirit or soul of the Ashanti people

  20. British Invasion • 1823 -1896 • Asanti finally were defeated in 1900

  21. Why did the British want to control Ghana? • Resources • Compete for world dominion

  22. British Control • By 1900, Present day Ghana was under “protection” of Great Britain • 1901: Ghana was part of Britain’s Gold Coast colony

  23. Rebellion • British profited from trade of goods in Ghana • Colonial peoples began to resist and strike led by Kwame Nkrumah in 1947

  24. March, 1957 – Ghana becomes an independent nation!

  25. Cape Coast

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