Anupriya , Manager, Safer Cities Prpgramme , Jagori June 20, 2013

1. Gender, Security and Sanitation: Action Research on Women’s Rights and Access to Water and Sanitation (2009 – 2011) Jagori and Women in Cities International(WICI),in partnership with Action India and Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability (CBGA) With support from IDRC Anupriya, Manager, Safer Cities Prpgramme, Jagori June 20, 2013

2. Assessing Gender service gaps! How inadequate provisioning affects women and marginal groups in accessing WAT-SAN services How gender sensitive are the governance frameworks and can the women safety audits create a model of addressing security and safety issues, inevitably left out of such agendas How can women negotiate their voice in local governance on all key aspects of public provisioning and infrastructure development and address gender service gaps

3. SITE – Bawana Resettlement Colony North west Delhi; Relocated in 2004; about 14,000 plots with estimated population of 130,000 13.78 million population in Delhi, (2001 census) By 2005, 9.3 million people in 52 resettlement colonies, over 1000 slum clusters, over 1500 un-authorised colonies & 216 urban villages. (Water Aid, 2005) SITE – Bhalaswa Resettlement Colony North east Delhi (adjacent to the Delhi landfill); Relocated in 2000; approx. 2600 plots with estimated population of 22,000 • Designed as camps for internally displaced people: • Residents have no land tenure/license • Inadequate infrastructure: largely communal and not household • Limited government services/structures • Fragmented governance, architecture, accountability issues and lack of citizenship rights WALLED CITY - WORLD CLASS CITY – SLUM FREE CITY

4. Strategies and approaches • Preparatory phase • Advisory Committee & Core Team of actors – community women and youth • Identifying gender service gaps - Conducting research and generating knowledge • Capacity building on issues, rights and tools to access quality essential services • Generating awareness and demand for accountability • Community monitoring systems to track changes in services and relations • Networking and advocacy with government officials and other women’s groups in India • Policy & Media Advocacyfocused for intensive outreach • Findings and learning's adapted

5. ACTION-RESEARCH TOOLS • Literature review- Policies • Rapid Situational Assessment (RSA) • mapping of existing infrastructure, facilities & services in select blocks • Opportunity cost analysis (study of 50 families) • Focus Group Discussions • Interviews with key informants • In-depth interviews with women • Women’s Safety Audits • Tracking WATSAN schemes and corresponding budget outlays (2009-10) and expenditures • Principles informing methodology: • Engaging the community on rights based issues • participation of women and youth ensured throughout

6. Residential colony CTC Hospital School Residential colony CTC dustbins Park Street food Market Cigarette shops Phone booth shop Barber shop Closed shop Vegetable Market Closed shop dustbins Cigarette shops Street food Liquor shop Closed shop Milk booth Open spaces Residential colony CTC Religious place CTC Open spaces Milk booth

7. Gender lens on WAT-SAN services “There is no drain to outlet water. I take water out by using mugs from the walking path.”- woman D block, bawana Due to inadequate services and their maintenance, sustenance of households has consumed the lives of women and girls, reducing time for education, livelihood opportunities or leisure Women with special needs, like elderly, pregnant and/or disabled, have a double disadvantage Women often carry water from over 3 – 15 kns “When I fill and carry water home, I feel like drinking it all myself…and not share it with anyone else at home”. – Woman on carrying water from distant places in Bhalswa The garbage disposal person doesn’t come for days. Even if he does, he only picks the garbage from some points only – a Nigranisamiti women member shared

8. Gender lens cont… Constant fear while accessing toilets and walking on the streets to collect water, mud and disposing garbage on streets or open spaces “the CTCs are so dirty that I feel nauseous. Don’t feel like eating once I am home”- young girl in E block “we always go in group. Once three girls were defecating in open space, a boy came and tried to assault one of them. I am scared! – 15 years, girl from bawana Women use open fields to defecate, only in dark and hence avoid drinking water and holding urine leading to health complications. Quality of water also impacts health “If I didn’t have to wait in queue for water and defecation I would have had so much time to spare to cook food and wouldn’t have to go to school empty stomach” - School going girl, 14 years There are no dustbins in the CTC. To throw sanitary cloth we at times go far away at dark . – Says a 30 year women from Bawana

9. KEY findings: safety and security issues • Inadequate and gender insensitive infrastructure and services • Inadequate number and maintenance of toilets, water taps and garbage disposal systems • No dustbins for menstrual waste anywhere! • Drains next to houses and water taps- water contaminations risks high • Home based toilets in select cases cause shame, issues of privacy/pollution/maintenance costs, etc. • Gender-based urban violence due to extreme poverty, discrimination, exclusion • Constant fear while accessing toilets and walking on the streets due to the water, mud and garbage on streets • Incidences of sexual harassment is common while accessing such services • Women forced to use open fields • Compromised women’s rights to equality, dignity, autonomy and bodily integrity

10. Gender Implications of insensitive service provision “A pucca road has been constructed there. Men keep coming and going. One is embarrassed to defecate there. I dare not go alone or send my daughter alone there. One feels scared. -Interview with Sunita, Bawana, 60 years old Questions: • What is the social and economic cost of fear? • What is the social and economic cost of health? • No control on body and time! • Costs of time increased due to long queues for toilets, potable water, irregular supply of water, fetching water, etc. • Increased stress waiting for darkness to relieve themselves in open spaces • High incidences of health problems • Higher demands on household work – more time in social reproduction roles • Right to equality of access to options/ opportunities for leisure, study, generate income, explore opportunities • Household chores spill over into the streets and drains – public-private spheres merge • Impediments to movement in the narrow lanes - compromised dignity, privacy & safety • Right to life challenged with the everyday fear of harassment and shame, negotiating with bodily needs, no time control!

11. Budget Analysis

12. Outlays for Sectors in 11th Five Year Plan for Delhi (in %): CBGA study

14. Opportunity cost of water: average time spent annually** - CBGA study ** CBGA & Jagori Study: Swapna Bisht

15. Opportunity Cost for Bhalswa

16. Opportunity Cost for Bawana

17. the disconnects • Lack of Convergences in Service Delivery and lack of gender sensitivity in policies, plans; • Cost of sanitation services high –no special provisions in local budgets for women; • Severe Safety and health impacts on women/girls as well as men and boys - the poor are paying for the costs of inadequate government services; • Issue of Privatization - CTCs are contracted to private agencies which charge a fee consequently puts a financial burden on the residents • Lack of Political-Will to implement essential services • Inadequacy of Human Resources - women of Bawana and Bhalswa have to bear the brunt of unsafe and unhygienic toilets or defecate in open spaces • Unpaid working day for women increases - increase in women’s fatigue and decreases her participation in decision making processes

18. Community monitoring systems to track changes & relations – Bawana , Water

20. Action to Advocacy Source: http://khabar.ibnlive.in.com/news/78422/8 Advocacy meetings with DUSIB, DJB, MCD, Councillor Learnings are being shared as part of the approach paper of 12th five year plan , Justice verma Committee submission, 3rd International Conference on building Safe and Inclusive cities Exchange platforms with National and International organisations Query on “Ensuring Inclusion and Equity in WASH Programmes – Experiences; Examples” raised by Gender Community and Water Community of the UN Solutions Exchange. can be accessed at:ftp://ftp.solutionexchange.net.in/public/wes/cr/cr-se-wes-gen-09041201.pdf Two Articles on Women's Rights and Access to Water and Sanitation and Safer Cities were published in "Building Inclusive Cities: Women’s Safety and the Right to the City"  http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415628167/ By Women feature Service http://www.wfsnews.org/wfs-jagiri-inside-may-2011.html Article on the Budget Analysis in EPW http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/2013_48/05/Public_Provisioning_in_Water_and_Sanitation.pdf

21. Key outcomes • Enhanced capacity and understanding of project team on issues WATSAN from women’s safety perspective • Gender sensitization on planning with women’s interests in mind • Women envisioned a new design for CTCs - a covered roof, small windows for light and air circulation and taps inside each toilet; separate toilets for women and children • Women’s and youth’s negotiations with local Councillor, MLA and tracking budget trails • Local MLA shared the budget allocations for Rs. 3 crores for infrastructure development in Bawana , and the women continued to monitor flows. • Establishment of new and improved services • Solid waste collection via a motorized vehicle has been established. It only collects solid waste from households from the main roads of Bhalswa. • Potable water delivery has increased after advocacy with the councillor and agencies. • Demanding accountability • Caretaker doing their work! • Women and youth made several petitions to MLA and Councillor with over 300 signatures and filed RTIS – small gains made and work through alliances

22. Some thoughts moving forward • Need to ensure that women are centrally involved in planning and decision making for gender-sensitive policy reform, infrastructure provision, facilities and services. • Need to create conditions for women’s access, inclusion and voice in all urban spaces/processes; and ensure that efforts to end VAW are intersectional in nature

23. Skill Building: session in progress

24. Meeting with Nigranisamiti to plan public hearing • “Hamari baton ka dhyankaro, hamarisamasyaon ka samadhan karo” (Pay keenattention to what we are saying and find solutions to our problems) - Women’s voices from Bawana and Bhalswa during the capacity building and visioning workshop

25. A listener’s club in progress – initiating debate… Agents for awareness raising and informing Engaging policy makers - interview with Councillor

26. PUBLIC HEARING Contd…

27. Dissemination of findings and materials developed

28. Knowledge products and advocacy materials

29. Acknowledgments Women and youth members from Bawana and Bhalaswa International Development and Research Centre, IDRC PrabhaKhosla, consultant Adil Ali, evaluation consultant Women in Cities International, Canada Action India, Delhi Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability, Delhi Jagori , Delhi THANK YOU!