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Alyssa Retterath and Aditi Patel 1 st Period Biology

AMPHIBIANS. Alyssa Retterath and Aditi Patel 1 st Period Biology. Classification. KINGDOM: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura and Urodela Anuras are frogs and toads. Urodelas are newts and salamanders. Habitat.

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Alyssa Retterath and Aditi Patel 1 st Period Biology

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  1. AMPHIBIANS Alyssa Retterath and Aditi Patel 1st Period Biology

  2. Classification • KINGDOM: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Amphibia • Order:AnuraandUrodela • Anurasare frogs and toads. • Urodelasare newts and salamanders.

  3. Habitat They tend to stay in cupped shaped bases of plants. They also stay in trunks and branches of trees. They live in dry and wet environment, tropical rainforest.

  4. Amphibians Important to Humans • Amphibians were used in Folk medicine in the early ages for healing. • They are an important part of mythology, culture, art, and literature.

  5. Important to Environment • Amphibians are used asbiomonitors.(Indicator animals) • Pollution in the water causes an upset in the amphibian life cycle. Threatened amphibians

  6. Environmental Importance • They are becoming extinct and we don’t know why. • Is the pollution effecting their habitat? • They have existed on the earth for over 300 million years. • We started out knowing 6,300 known species, and have lost at least 168 in the last two decades.

  7. Uniqueness of Amphibians • There are many pigments of amphibian skin. All these pigments have different meanings. All colors are to help with predators. Some colors help hide the amphibian, while other colors help warn the predator. • A Siberian salamander lived to be 90 years old. That is the oldest age recorded for any animal it’s size! Siberian Salamander He will blend with rocks!

  8. They have a back bone, webbed feet- no claws, attached limbs at shoulders and hips. Frogs/toads- legs shorter, weaker, rear legs is stronger so its easier for them to leap. Skeletal

  9. Frog Evolution and Skeleton

  10. Oh my gosh! Time for me to come out of aestivation! Unique Facts of Amphibians • These little creatures inspire many pieces of artwork. • They are the evolutionary step between water and land animals. Amphibian means both sides of life. • Amphibians go through aestivation. Aestivation is “frog hibernation”. They go underground in hot summer months and cold winter months to prevent losing their moisture.

  11. Respiration • They extract oxygen from the air and water. They use gills, oral epithelium, andcutaneous respiration. Cutaneous respiration is breathing through the skin. Oxygen is absorbed through counteraction of blood and waterflow. • Tadpoles breathe through skin with the help of external (Urodela) and internal (Anura) gills and/or with the help of lungs. • All amphibians have lungs except for the lungless salamander and Onychodactylus.

  12. It's time for... a cartoon! FROG RESPIRATION Scroll down on website to watch video

  13. They usually mate during rainy times or in water. At night they get together in large groups to find partners. Fertilization takes place outside female body. Reproduction ofAnura

  14. Reproduction of Urodela • The eggs are usually hatched in moisture. • Fertilization takes place inside the female body. • They lay eggs one at a time Frogs salamanders

  15. They slowly lose gills and develop lungs. Tad poles get there hind legs before the front legs. Eyes, digestive system and other organs undergo changes to prepare for life They have no shells, its jelly like The eggs are usually left unguarded, but some frogs do keep their eggs until they hatch. Tadpoles/ polliwogs = frogs and toads Reproduction

  16. Amplexus • Amplexus is when the male frog grasps the female frog between his front legs, while she lays her eggs. He then fertilizes the eggs with sperm fluid. • Frog Reproduction Video

  17. Amphibian Nervous System VERSUS

  18. Amphibian Nervous System • The nervous system is a very simple structure. The brain is divided into five sections: the spinal cord, hind brain, mid brain, cerebellum, and forebrain. The forebrain has two parts: diencephalon and telencephalon. • The Medulla has automatic functions as a normal mammal brain. The cerebellum controls posture and muscles. The cerebellum is also very small in amphibians, but large in mammals.

  19. Comparison of Nervous Systems

  20. Sensory Structures • Nostrils are one sensory structure. There are two simple holes. The smell is registered by olfactory lobes. Olfactory lobes make up the front part of the brain. • Eyes are another sensory structure. They have three eyelids. Amphibians have a fixed lenses and can not change focus. • Amphibians have no external ear.

  21. How they work together

  22. Circulatory System • A three-chambered heart pumps blood through the circulatory system which carries oxygen, nutrients, and carries away waste products. • Amphibians are cold-blooded.

  23. Excretory System • Excretion of liquid wastes produced in the liver come from the kidneys which goes to the ureters. Following this path it goes onto the bladder and out of the body. • Excretion of solid wastes comes through the large intestine, then onto the cloaca. (an opening to allow such things to move through) • Both wastes leave through the cloaca and the cloacavent.

  24. An Inside look at Amphibians…

  25. Digestive system consist of intestine, stomach and mouth. The food is mixed and partially broken down into stomach. The digesting takes place in the small intestine, than it gets absorbed. They have two large glands- liver and pancreas pour digestive juices into small intestine. Cloaca- Chamber that opens to outside of the body. The eggs, sperm, waste products pass through the cloaca. Digestive system

  26. Amphibians are biomonitors? • If environment is polluted, amphibians life cycle will be messed up because they breathe with their skin.(cutaneous respiration) Amphibians, “can be used as environmental sentinels or biomonitors and act as an early warning system for the quality of the environment and the potential threats to other animals including ourselves.”

  27. A brief review of key points...

  28. Amphibians Watch Year of the Frog Campaign video on hyperlink A final thought…

  29. Works Cited "Amphibians." The World Book Encyclopedia. 440-41. Amphibiaweb. 22 Jan. 2009. http://amphibiaweb.org/declines/declines.html> "Amphibian Adaptations." Toronto Zoo - Home. 05 Apr. 2009 <http://www.torontozoo.com/adoptapond/curriculum/d3_popup1.html>. "Anatomy of Animals." Anatomy of Animals. 05 Apr. 2009 <http://universe-review.ca/R10-33- anatomy.html>. Articles About the Life Cycle of a Frog. 04 Apr. 2009 <http://www.frog-life- cycle.com/graphics/frog_life_cycle.jpg>. “Encyclopedia Britannica” 05 Apr. 2009 <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb- media/40/73340-004-AA95C7EF.jpg>. Communication 4 all. <http://www.communication4all.co.uk/http/Life%20Cycles.htm>. Digital Frog International. 02 Apr. 2009 <http://www.digitalfrog.com/resources/archives/circ.jpg>. Feral Thoughts. 08 Apr. 2009 <http://feral.typepad.com/photos/feral_animals/amplexus_at_water.jpg>. "Florida Conservation and Research: Ashton Biodiversity Institute." Gopher Tortoise. 31 Mar. 2009 <http://www.ashtonbiodiversity.org/images/amphibians.jpghttp://www.ashtonbiodiversit y.org/images/amphibians.jpg>. “Frog Section.” 07 Apr. 2009 <http://dj003.k12.sd.us/images/frog%20dissection/frog%20d2.gif>. "Frog_gallery." Amphibian Ark. 02 Apr. 2009 <http://www.amphibianark.org/frog_gallery.html>. GameSpot:Video Games PC PlayStation 2 Xbox 360 Wii PS3 GameCube PSP DS GBA PS2 PlayStation 3. 06 Apr. 2009 <http://www.gamespot.com>. Het Net Homepages. 07 Apr. 2009 <http://home.hetnet.nl/~DReSEns/images/marmer.JPG>. Hofrichter, Robert. Amphibians. New York: Firefly Books, 2000. "Information and facts on the anatomy of amphibians." LookD. 29 Mar. 2009 <http://www.lookd.com/frogs/anatomy.html>. Jennings School District homepage. 08 Apr. 2009 <http://www.jenningsk12.net/JH/weaver/rainforest1.jpg>. Light speed system. 31 Mar. 2009. <http://www.lightspeedsystems.com/Archive/WebsiteDetails.aspx?domain=gamespot.com>. Livingunderworld.org | Amphibian Information Resource. 01 Apr. 2009 <http://www.amphibiainfo.com/gallery/caudata/hynobiidae/ranodon/sibiricus/thumbs/ran odon_sibiricus_wallays_3.jpg>. Magic Ketchup. 06 Apr. 2009 <http://www.magicketchup.com/blog_pic/ceramic_frog.jpg>. Monroe County Women's Disability Network. 31 Mar. 2009 <http://www.mcwdn.org/animals/amphibians.html>. My Opera community - File Download. 04 Apr. 2009 <http://files.myopera.com/BabyJay99/blog/froggy.jpg>. “Newt” 07 Apr. 2009 <http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/11_01/newtST_468x327.jpg>. Online documentary video production/Nature & Wildlife - Chicago's Ravenswood Media. 08 Apr. 2009 <http://www.midwestfrogs.com/>. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. 05 Apr. 2009 <http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/photogallery/amphibians/Large/EG-AMAC.jpg>. Photographes Direct - Fair Trade Stock Photography. 08 Apr. 2009 <http://img1.photographersdirect.com/img/23109/wm/pd1885994.jpg>. Scholastic. <http://www2.scholastic.com/content/media/products/40/043509440_xlg.jpg>. School District of Thorp. <http://www.thorp.k12.wi.us/~steinbach/limnology_oceanography/student_work/Salama nders/index.html>. Science Daily. 10 Feb. 2007. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070926143355.htm>. “Sheppard Software” 04 Apr. 2009 <http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/classification/kc_class_a gain.html>. Sleep1937's amphibians. 02 Apr. 2009 <http://sleep1937.tripod.com/idl.html>. "Trials of a Tadpole Video -- National Geographic." Video -- Animals, Travel, Kids -- National Geographic. 08 Apr. 2009 <http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs- and-toads/frog_tadpole_development.html>. "Why amphibians are unique in the animal world - by Heather Lyon - Helium." Helium – Where Knowledge Rules. 01 Apr. 2009 <http://www.helium.com/items/701459- why-amphibians-are-unique-in-the-animal-world>. Year of the Frog. 01 Apr. 2009 <http://www.yearofthefrog.org/images/frogs_for_content/Juvenile_Theloderma_corticale .jpg>. Year of the Frog. 02 Apr. 2009 <http://www.yearofthefrog.org/images/frogs_for_content/Agalychnis_annae.jpg>.

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