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China’s Civil War

China’s Civil War. The Boxer Rebellion Imperial nations had heavy economic influence in China Chinese Nationalist group was called “Righteous and Harmonious Fists” AKA - Boxers Chinese officials encouraged Chinese to attack foreigners Imperial nations put down the rebellion Fined Chinese

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China’s Civil War

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  1. China’s Civil War • The Boxer Rebellion • Imperial nations had heavy economic influence in China • Chinese Nationalist group was called “Righteous and Harmonious Fists” AKA - Boxers • Chinese officials encouraged Chinese to attack foreigners • Imperial nations put down the rebellion • Fined Chinese • Kept troops in Beijing • China was now completely under foreign control

  2. Chinese Nationalist Movement • Kuomintang (KMT) was Nationalist group led by Sun Yat-Sen, who called for: • Constitutional government • Civil liberties & bill of rights • Industrialization was necessary to protect itself from foreign control

  3. Fall of Qing Dynasty • Qing dynasty attempted to reform, but the KMT called for an end to the imperial dynasty • Sun Yat-Sen led a series of revolts • Imperial army tried to negotiate • Never responded with force • Qing dynasty fell in 1912, after 268 years of rule • China ruled by various warlords, with personal armies

  4. Split in the Kuomintang • Left side were socialists, wanted to redistribute land and give more power to peasants and workers • Right wing opposed redistributing land to peasants • Sun Yat-Sen died, Chiang Kai-shek became leader • Expelled Soviets from China • Attacked Communist KMT members, executed many • Northern Expedition took power from warlords, unified China under the KMT

  5. Nanjing Government • Created the Nanjing government • Industrialization slow • Revenue spent on building army • Foreign powers still had control over resources • National bank was established • Education improved • Never dealt with land distribution issues, life was still bad for peasants

  6. Growth of Communism • Communists who escaped the 1927 purge set up own government in SE China • Attacked by KMT in 1934, had to evacuate • Began the Long March to Yenan in Northwest China • 6,000 miles, took over one year • Crossed 18 mountain ranges, 24 rivers, and were shot at by KMT aircraft • Many died along the way

  7. Growth of Communism • Mao Zedong declared himself leader of Communists • Established land and tax reform programs, gained support of peasants • Led peasants in Communist army (Red Army) • Many in China began to support communism • Felt that Chiang Kai-Shek was too focused on fighting other Chinese • Believed that Japan was the real threat

  8. WWII • Communists and Nationalists formed an alliance, focused on Japanese aggression • Fighting resumed after the war • 1949- Mao Zedong drove Chiang Kai-Shek from power • Chiang and the Nationalists escaped to Taiwan • Mao created the People’s Republic of China

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