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Key Aspects of WEEE Management

Key Aspects of WEEE Management. International Dialogue, San Salvador, El Salvador, May 7 th ,.2012 Daniel Ott // Program Officer LAC // Empa daniel.ott@empa.ch. Lessons learnt from EMPA’s perspective. Empa – 20 years working with e-Waste.

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Key Aspects of WEEE Management

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  1. Key Aspects of WEEE Management International Dialogue, San Salvador, El Salvador, May 7th,.2012 Daniel Ott // Program Officer LAC // Empa daniel.ott@empa.ch Lessons learnt from EMPA’s perspective

  2. Empa – 20 years working with e-Waste • Federal InstituteforMaterialsScience and Technology • Technicalauditing and appliedresearchforSwicoRecycling and SENS* • Member of WEEE Forumsince 2006 • Foundingmemeber of StEP • WEEE relatedresearchprojects • Analysis of flameretardants in plastics of WEEE • Flat screenrecycling and processing • Simulation & modeling of equipment and chemicalsubstances in WEEE (CRTs, LCDs, In, Hg, Li, etc.) • Analysis and development of businessmodelsforrecycling and theinclusion of the informal sector • Bestpractices in Reuse • Technicalcooperation in WEEE managementwithemerging and developingcountries * Collective WEEE take-back systems in Switzerland

  3. Empa’s Global e-Waste Activities Senegal e-Waste Management in Africa Assessment Study Funding Agency: DSF Project Partner: SENECLIC Time Frame: 2007 - 2008 Morocco e-Waste Management in Africa Assessment Study Funding Agency: HP Project Partner: DSF, CMPP Time Frame: 2007 - 2008 Trinidad & Tobago: e-Waste Management in T & T Assessment Study Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft Project Partner: MPA Time Frame: 2010 India: Swiss e-Waste Programme Implementing a Clean e-Waste Channel Mainstreaming the informal sector Household e-waste collection Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: GTZ, MoEF Time Frame: 2003 - 2008 Colombia: Swiss e-Waste Programme Assessment Study Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: CNPML Time Frame: 2007 – 2011 China: Swiss e-Waste Programme Supporting formulation of a “technical draft” for a national e-waste law Developing technical standards for recycling Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: NDRC Time Frame: 2003 - 2008 Peru: Swiss e-Waste Programme Assessment Study Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: IPES Time Frame: 2007 – 2011 Kenya: e-Waste Management in Africa Assessment Study Funding Agency: HP Project Partner: DSF, KICTANeT Time Frame: 2007 - 2008 Brazil: Swiss e-Waste Programme Assessment Study Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: FEAM Time Frame: 2008-2011 South Africa: Swiss e-Waste Programme Facilitating the development of a nationale-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: ITA, EWASA Time Frame: 2003 – 2008 e-Waste Management in Africa Launching an e-waste recycling unit in Cape Town Funding Agency: HP Project Partner: DSF, Recover-e-Alliance, Envirosense Time Frame: 2007 - 2008 Uganda/Tanzania: e-Waste Management in Uganda and Tanzania Assessment Study Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft Project Partner: UCPC/CPCT Time Frame: 2007 - 2011 Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria: The Basel Convention e-Waste Africa Project Assessment Study Training Pilot Funding Agency: SBC, EU Project Partner: African BCRCs, IMPEL, Öko-Institut Time Frame: 2009-2011 Chile: Swiss e-Waste Programme Assessment Study Funding Agency: EMPA Project Partner: SUR Time Frame: 2007

  4. Small recyclers Large Recyclers Smelter Refinery Repair &Refurbish Authorized Dealers Corporate Consumer Imports (Donations) Informal Collector Importers Manufacturers Landfill Retailer WEEE System Consume Collect Recover Dispose Function Material Private Consumer Informal Dumping & Burning Middlemen (Auctions) System Boundary Intervention Mechanisms: Policy & Legislation Business & Finance Technology & Skills Monitoring andControl Marketing & Awareness • Knowledge and technology transfer • Formalizing the informal sector • Trainings • Legal Framework • Licensing • Standards • Audits • Monitoring Massflows • Take back scheme • Technical controlandfixedcontracts • New business models • Information Campaigns on all levels

  5. The 7 Pillars of WEEE Management WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection Source: Bornand 2007, SWICO

  6. WEEE Generation WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection

  7. WEEE Generation Global ICT WEEE Switzerland WEEE Peru WEEE Ghana

  8. Extended Producer Responsibility WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection

  9. Extended Producer Responsibility • Extended ProductResponsibilty? • Limitationsof a systemrunbypublicauthorities, evenmoreapparent in developing countries • Productshouldincludethe total cost, also the end-of-lifephase • Answerbyindustry: individual andcollectivetake-back systems (productcomplianceschemes) • EPR implemented in industrialized, but not in developing countries • Examplesofcollectives in developingandtransition countries: South Africa Costa Rica Colombia

  10. Legal Framework WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection

  11. Legal Framework • Objetives: • No WEEE in the municipal solid waste • Maximum recovery of secondary raw material • Environmentally sound disposal of problematic material • Clear definition of rules and responsibilities of the stakeholders • Rules for transboundary movements • Shall guarantee: • Balance in the market • No trade barrier for products • Cooperation with industry

  12. Take-Back & Collection WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection

  13. Take-Back & Collection • The consumer (= user = «disposer») is key! • But: No incentives for «quick success», establish long term collection systems and focus on education and «change mindset» • Permanent solutions for the «disposer», not only intermittent take-back campaigns • Take-back through different channels (B2B, private and public collection points, retailers, etc.) • Take advantage of local framework conditions (e.g. high collection rate in the informal sector)

  14. Recycling Infrastructure WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection

  15. Recycling Infrastructure M E C H A N I C A L vs. M A N U A L  «Best of Two Worlds» (Bo2W) Approach

  16. Financing Scheme WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection

  17. Financing Scheme • No ready-made solution available • Find balance between cost and benefit • Examples show it is a cost, but it depends on framework conditions • «Cherry picking» is a business, but doesn’t solve the problem • PossibleFinancingSchemes: • End-of-Life Fee (Japan) • Included in General Taxes (Denmarkuntil 2006) • Advanced Recycling Fee (Switzerland, Holland, California) • Internalizationofcosts (Germany, Austria, Colombia, Costa Rica

  18. Monitoring & Control WEEEGeneration Monitoring& Control EPR WEEEManagement System Financing Scheme Legal Framework Recycling Infrastructure Take-back & Collection

  19. Recycler 3 Recycler 1 Recycler 4 Recycler 2 Monitoring & Control System C System B System A Technical Control on behalf of System A, B and C National& Regional Authorities for licences, permits, etc.

  20. New Perspective: Secondary Resource Stocks Energy Technologies Mobility Electronic Products Luminaires

  21. Reverse Chain and its Losses The processselectioniskey! (Total efficiencydepends on theweakestprocess!) «Here» 60% x 40% x 95% = 23% Metals WEEE 80% x 50% x 50% = 20% «There»

  22. Sustainable Recycling Industries • issues of product control and environmental & social impacts require the addressing of: • sustainable participation of small (informal) industries • enhanced capacities to manage the reverse supply chains • informed decision making of convinced consumers (priv., corp., ...) • appropriate policy frameworks and standards on all levels • objective quantification based on facts & figures • Source raw materials • Sink wastes 1 3 availability, quality, substitution collection, recovery, recycling traceability, impacts, crosscontamination 2

  23. World Wide Web of WEEE www.seco-cooperation.ch www.empa.ch www.cnpml.org www.ewasteguide.info www.step-initiative.org www.weee-forum.org www.residuoselectronicos.net www.worldresourcesforum.org

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