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4/17 Focus:

4/17 Focus: Europeans, seeking a greater share of the rich Asian spice trade, began to make oceanic voyages of exploration in the 1400 ’ s Important Terms: Cartography Do Now: What impact did the Ottomans have on European trade with Asia. The Age of Exploration. Early Voyages of Exploration.

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4/17 Focus:

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  1. 4/17 Focus: • Europeans, seeking a greater share of the rich Asian spice trade, began to make oceanic voyages of exploration in the 1400’s • Important Terms: • Cartography • Do Now: • What impact did the Ottomans have on European trade with Asia

  2. The Age of Exploration Early Voyages of Exploration

  3. European Interest in Asia • Factors that increased European interests in trade with Asia • Crusades • Pax Mongolia • Marco Polo’s travels

  4. Motives for Exploration • European trade with Asia had been disrupted by Ottomans control of E. Mediterranean • Byzantine falls • Constantinople becomes Istanbul

  5. Motives for Exploration • Italian and Muslim merchants controlled trade routes to Asia • Acted as a middleman between W. Europe and Asia • Muslim traders brought the goods to the Mediterranean • Italian traders brought the goods to Europe • Increased prices of goods

  6. Motives for Exploration • Europeans wanted to gain direct access to trade with Asia • Began seeking ocean routes to Asia

  7. Motives for Exploration • Some Europeans motivated by desire to spread Christianity • Others by adventure and Glory

  8. Technological Improvements • The renaissance led to new developments in technology and scientific knowledge • The Printing Press • Gutenberg developed moveable type printing press • Increased the spread of ideas and information • Geography

  9. Technological Improvements • Mapmaking and Navigation • Compass • Astrolabe and Sextant • Instruments which helped sailors navigate the seas • Improvements in cartography • Use of lines of latitude • Maps showing ocean currents Astrolabe(1532) Sextant Mariner’s Compass

  10. Technological Improvements • Improvements in shipbuilding • Advances in shipbuilding lead to the creation of ships that could sail long distances • Learned shipbuilding techniques from Arabs • Stern rudders • Triangular sails

  11. Technological Improvements • The Caravel • ship developed by the Portuguese • Faster and capable of holding more cargo • Could sail in shallow water • Allowed for the exploration of coastlines and inlets

  12. Closure • Identify one factor that increased Europe’s interest in trade with Asia? • Why did Europeans begin searching for a sea route to Asia? • Identify one technological development that allowed the Europeans to begin searching for sea routes to Asia?

  13. 4/23 Focus: • Portugal and Spain both had technology, resources, and political unity to support sea travel and exploration • Do Now: • Identify one example of how cultural diffusion helped European exploration.

  14. Spain and Portugal • Two western European nations that led early attempts at exploration in Europe • located on the Iberian Peninsula • Looked to the Atlantic for trade routes to Asia

  15. Prince Henry the Navigator • Portuguese prince who established a school for sailors in Portugal in 1419 • School was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with Africa and Asia • Portugal becomes a leader in this area • Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of West Africa

  16. Bartholomeu Dias • Portuguese sailor who sailed around the tip of Africa in 1487 • The Cape of Good Hope

  17. Vasco De Gama • Portuguese sailor who traveled around Africa to Calcutta, Indiain 1498

  18. Reconquista • Campaign by Christians to recapture Spain from Muslim rule • Spain and Portugal Conquered by Muslim invaders in 8th century

  19. Reconquista • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella take the last Muslim province in Spain (1492) • Began Spanish inquisition to create religious unity • Financed voyages to find new routes to Asia

  20. Christopher Columbus • Venetian sailor working for Spain crosses the Atlantic with three ships and discovers the “New World” • Believed Asia could be reached by sailing west from Spain • Believed it was about 2,000 miles from Spain • Estimated it to be a 2month journey • Left Lisbon, Spain on August 3,1492 • Lands on a small island in the Bahamas on October 12,1492 • Names the island San Salvador

  21. Columbus’s First Voyage

  22. Was Columbus the First European to Reach the America’s ? • Vikings had sailed west to North America several centuries before Columbus • Leif Ericksson explored a area west of Greenland that Vikings called Vinland • Historians believe that Vinland was North America • Archaeologists have found Viking settlements in Newfoundland

  23. Pedro Cabral • Portuguese sailor who found South America • Had been attempting to sail around Africa • Sailed too far west and landed the coast of modern day Brazil

  24. Magellan • Portuguese sailor who became the first person to circumnavigate the globe • Sail completely around the world

  25. Treaty of Tordesillas • Spain and Portugal both claimed the Americas • Pope Alexander VI divided the non European world between Spain and Portugal • Line of Demarcation • West went Spain • East went to Portugal

  26. Closure • Identify one reason why Spain and Portugal came to dominate exploration in the Atlantic? • What is the significance of Vasco de Gama’s voyages of exploration?

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