Internal Structure of the Earth

1. Internal Structure of the Earth Plate Tectonics Sea Floor Spreading

2. Internal Structure of the Earth The Earth has four internal layers: • __________ • __________ • __________ • __________

3. Earth’s Interior

4. How do we know there are four layers? • __________________________________ • Using ________ waves, they can tell whether an object is a _____ or a _____, so by using that information, they theorized about the interior layers of the Earth

5. Seismic waves and the Earth’s Interior

6. Layers of the Earth • Crust • Made out of ______ crust or _________ crust • __________ layer • The one we live on • We have never _______ through this layer • Ocean crust: ____________________ • Continental crust: ____________________________________________________________________

7. Ocean Vs. Continental Crust Basalt = Ocean Crust Granite = Continental Crust

8. Mantle • The mantle is the _____________ layer • The material is similar to ______ —not quite a solid, but not a liquid either • The __________ of the substance allows the plates to _____________________________ • The mantle is broken into two parts • _____________: upper mantle and crust • _____________: lower mantle

10. Outer Core/Inner Core • The outer core is made out of liquid Iron and Nickel • The inner core is a solid layer made out of Iron and Nickel • Both layers make up the majority of the weight of the planet

11. Theory of Continental Drift • The theory that continents drifted across the ocean to get their current spots on the globe. • First suggested by Alfred Wegner • First used the idea of one super giant continent called Pangaea.

12. Evidence? • What was the evidence behind Wegner’s idea? • The continents ______________________________________________________________ • The ________ and ________ on separate continents are identical. • __________________ (found by looking at fossils) that did not match up with the positions the continents are located today.

13. What made it go? • ____________ believed that the continents __________ on the waters of the ocean to get to their current locations.

14. Theory of Seafloor Spreading • _________ material rises at the Mid-Ocean Ridge creating _____________. • The material flows away from the ridge, carrying the land that was once together, ___________________.

15. Theory of PLATE TECTONICS • First accepted in ______ by a man named ________. • __________ the ideas of seafloor spreading and continental drift. • States that the Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called ___________.

16. Why do the plates move? • ____________ from within the Earth rises to the surface then cools down and _________ back into the Earth.

17. What makes the plates move? 1. 2.

18. What makes the plates move? 3. 4.

19. How do the plates move? • The plates move in three different ways: • _______________ • _______________ • _______________

20. Convergent Plates Continent vs. Ocean • The more _____ ocean plate slides under the less dense continental plate (____________) • Chains of _________ are formed along the edge of continents. Also _________are formed off the coast of the continent. • The _________ Mountain chain is formed this way.

21. Convergent Plates Ocean vs. Ocean • ________ dense plates are pushed towards the center of the Earth • Extremely ________ are formed, and also chains of volcanic islands are created (___________) • The ________ Islands are formed this way.

22. Convergent Plates Continent vs. Continent • When two continental plates hit both plates are _____________. No subduction occurs. • ___________ are formed, not volcanoes. • The __________ Mountains in India are formed this way.

24. Transform Boundary • When one plate ________ past another. • The most famous is the ____________ fault in California. • No creation of anything, just destruction.

25. Divergent Boundary • When two plates ________________from each other. • The ___________ is the best example. • This is what caused __________ and the ____________ to separate.