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Social Dance and Jazz: Technology, Freak Dances, and the Rise of Tin Pan Alley

Explore the impact of technology on the music business, the emergence of "freak dances," influential jazz musicians like Duke Ellington, and the golden age of Tin Pan Alley songwriting. Discover the Latin influences in jazz and the popular music of the 1920s and 1930s.

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Social Dance and Jazz: Technology, Freak Dances, and the Rise of Tin Pan Alley

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  1. CHAPTER 3 “Social Dance and Jazz”

  2. Chapter 3 (outline) • Technology and the Music Business • “Freak Dances” • James Reese Europe and the Castles • (Early) Jazz as Popular Music • Dance Music in the Jazz Age • Latin Dance Music

  3. Classical training West Coast dance bands Navy – concert band “Symphonic Jazz”- syncopated dance music- strict arrangements “King of Jazz”- self-described- strong marketing “White” version of jazz history Paul Whiteman (1890-1967)

  4. Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra Ambassador Orchestra(Atlantic City, NJ) – 1920s San Francisco (1918-19) – syncopated dance orchestra • Top-Notch Arrangers: Ferde Grofé, Fletcher Henderson (!) • White Jazz Musicians: Bix Beiderbecke, Dorsey Brothers • 1st Recordings – 1920 for Victor Talking Machine (RCA) • “An Experiment in Modern Music” (1924) Rhapsody in Blue • Leading Figure through mid-1930s (movies, radio, etc.) • Over 600 recordings

  5. Whiteman Band Examples • Ex. - Paul Whiteman-"Whispering" – YouTube(1st recording – 1920 -11 weeks as # 1) • Ex. - Japanese Sandman - Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra (1920) (1920 -2 weeks as # 1) • Ex. - Paul Whiteman - My Blue Heaven (1927) – YouTube (1927 – 1 week at # 1) • Ex. - Song Of India - Paul Whiteman – YouTube(1921 – 5 weeks at # 1) • Ex. - "China Boy" by Paul Whiteman – YouTube

  6. Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974) • Washington, DC- Black middle class family- “society” piano • NYC freelance • “Washingtonians” (his band)- Club Kentucky (1923) • Move to Cotton Club (1924)- “Jungle Music” • “Bubber” Miley (trumpet)- mutes & “growls” • Textbook Ex., p. 99-100- East St. Louis Toodle-Oo (1927) HQ - Duke Ellington and his Kentucky Club Orchestra - YouTube

  7. Latin Influences • Bands w/ Latin-American Musicians in US (late 1920s-30s) • Don Azpiazú and his Havana Casino Orchestra (NYC, 1930) • “El Manisero” (“The Peanut Vendor”) [textbook, p. 101-03]- “Son” tradition mixed w/ “pregón” (street cries) • Begins “Rumba” (& other Latin) dance craze • “Clave” : ||: 1, (2) &, (3), 4 | (1), 2, 3, (4) :|| [repeat] Ex. Don Azpiazu & His Havana Casino Orchestra - El Manisero (The Peanut Vendor) - YouTube

  8. CHAPTER 4 “I Got Rhythm” :The Golden Age of Tin Pan Alley Song, 1920s and 1930s

  9. Chapter 4 (outline) • Tin Pan Alley Song Form • What Were Tin Pan Alley Songs About? • What Makes a Song a “Standard”? • Tin Pan Alley and Broadway

  10. Tin Pan Alley • The Popular Music Business – 1920s-30s • Influence of Ragtime & Syncopated Dance • Jewish Immigrants (performers & composers)- influence of European classical & art music- Cantors & Music from the Synagogue • Standard Forms (but variety within) • Pure Capitalism – Music as “Commodity” • Synergy with Broadway and (later) Hollywood

  11. JewishPerformers JackBenny“cheap” Sophie Tucker"Last of the Red Hot Mamas" Al Jolson“The World’s Greatest Entertainer” George Burns“Say goodnight Gracie” Milton Berle“Uncle Miltie” George Jessel“Hello Mama”

  12. A Few TPA Composers George Gershwin (1898-1937) Irving Berlin (1888-1989) Richard Rodgers (1902-1979) Cole Porter (1891-1964)

  13. Walter Donaldson (1893-1947) • Born Brooklyn, NY • Mother taught piano (and Walter) • TPA song plugger • 1st songs sold 1915 • Donaldson, Douglas & Gumble (publ.) • Broadway & Hollywood successes • Walter Donaldson - The Official Website • “Carolina in the Morning” • “How Ya Gonna Keep ‘em Down on the Farm” • “Makin’ Whoopie” • “My Blue Heaven” (5 million copies!) • “My Buddy” • “My Mammy” • “Yes Sir That’s My Baby”

  14. Tin Pan Alley Song Form • Ex. Gene Austin - My Blue Heaven (1927)(Textbook, p. 110-12) • Introduction – “hook” • Verse (usually 2) – sets the scene • Refrain – the “tune” remembered • Song Form (used in the REFRAIN) - A - A(‘) - B – “bridge” or “release” (contrasts) - A (“) • Can vary: AABC, ABCA, ABCD, etc.,but 4 equal phrases the norm

  15. Lyrics • Anything possible, but….. - “Romance” is biggest… - …especially for the individual (“I” or “me”) • “spoken” in the vernacular (everyday speech)- emphasized by “crooning” (intimate voice) • Topical References (occasionally) • “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?” (1931) • Exs. of Lyrics: - Brother, Can You Spare A Dime? – YouTube- "Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries" (Rudy Vallee, 1931) – YouTube- Gold Diggers of 1933 - "We're in the Money" - YouTube

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