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Demystifying Domestic Violence Court Appointed Special Advocates Training

Demystifying Domestic Violence Court Appointed Special Advocates Training. Walnut Avenue Women’s Center. Desired Outcomes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Demystifying Domestic Violence Court Appointed Special Advocates Training

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  1. Demystifying Domestic ViolenceCourt Appointed Special Advocates Training Walnut Avenue Women’s Center

  2. Desired Outcomes ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Learn about the dynamics of domestic violence and how to assess risk factors to victim’s/survivor’s safety. • Understand how domestic violence impacts the health and wellbeing of adult victims/survivors & children exposed to domestic violence. • Learn why it might be hard for some victims/survivors to leave abusive relationships. • Identify ways you can support resiliency of children exposed to domestic violence. • Discuss ways that you can work in partnership with domestic violence service providers.

  3. Introductions ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Name • What is your role within CASA? • What do you want to get out of today’s session?

  4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Section 13700 of the California Penal Code (b) “Domestic violence means abusecommitted against an adult or fully emancipated minor who is a: spouse or former spouse, cohabitant or former cohabitant, person with whom one is having or has had a dating or engagement relationship, person with whom one has had a child, any person related by consanguinity or affinity within the second degree.

  5. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Section 13700 (a) of the California Penal Code “Abuse” means intentionally or recklessly causing or attempting to cause bodily injury, or placing another person in reasonable apprehension of imminent serious bodily injury to himself or herself, or another.

  6. What is Domestic Violence? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 An escalating pattern of coercive behaviors that are used to gain or maintain power and controlover an intimate partner.

  7. Tactics of Power & Control ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Physical • Sexual • Emotional • Isolation • Economic • Verbal • Technological • Privilege

  8. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Cycle of Violence Tension Fear Hope Violence Honeymoon Love

  9. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Who is Victimized? Primarily Female Victims: • 1 in 4 Women will experience DV in her lifetime • Over 85% of the time, the batterer is male and the victim is female. However, when men are battered by women, they are less likely to report it. • Pregnant women: 25-45% of all battered women are pregnant at the time of the incident. • Disabled Women: may be victimized by caregivers, or more vulnerable to attacks on mobility and financial independence. The Elderly: May be abused by their partners, caregivers or even their children. Children: Child witnesses may develop symptoms of PTSD and behavioral problems.

  10. Statistics from SCPD ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • DV phone calls responded to by SCPD in the last 5 years, between January 2007- October 2011: • Yearly average # of calls: 324/year (includes domestic incidents) • Average number of EPO’s given: 64/year • Highest call average as separated by penal code: • 243(e) Battery on Spouse: 93 per year • 273.5 Inflict injury on spouse/cohabitant: 117 per year • Percentage of Victims: • Female 90% • Male 10%

  11. Video ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 “Faces of Domestic Violence” By The Blue Shield Foundation & The Family Violence Prevention Fund

  12. Myths & FACTS ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Myth: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AFFECTS ONLY A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION. FACT: One in three women are physically or sexually abused by a husband or boyfriend at some point in their lives. Myth: ALCOHOL ABUSE CAUSES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. FACT: Although there is a high risk between alcohol or other substance abuse, batterers use drinking as one of many excuses for their violence. Alcohol is used as a way to place the responsibility for their violence elsewhere.

  13. Myths & FACTS ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Myth: WHY DO WOMEN STAY WITH ABUSERS? THEY MUST LIKE IT OR THEY WOULD LEAVE. FACT: Abused women often make repeated attempts to leave violent relationships, but are prevented from doing so by increased violence, and control tactics on the part of the abuser. The risk of domestic homicide increases significantly when the woman leaves or divorces her abuser.

  14. What Leads Someone to Become Abusive? Its about Power and Control Batterers may: Have been raised in a violent home. Need to hide their insecurities. Feel it’s their “right” to “discipline” their partner. Need to feel in power by humiliating their partner. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12

  15. Characteristics of a Batterer ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Control • Entitlement • Selfishness & Self-Centeredness • Superiority • Possessiveness • Confusion of Love & Abuse • Manipulation

  16. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Contradictory Statements & Behaviors • Externalization of Responsibility • Denial, Minimizing & Blaming • Lack of Empathy for the Victim • Serial Battering Source for Characteristics of a Batterer: Bancroft, L. , “The Batterer as a Parent”. Synergy*, 6(1), 6-8. Winter 2002. (*Newsletter of the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges)

  17. Screening for Dominant Aggressor ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • It is not uncommon for batterers to • present themselves as victims. • Seek victim/survivor services to locate a partner • To gain physical proximity to a partner who is receiving services • Contact law enforcement and/or DV Service Programs before the victim in order to isolate the victim/survivor from future support and safety.

  18. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Factors to examine at interview • How does the person talk about her/himself and the partner. Minimize actions/blame others? Take excessive responsibility? • Context • Intent • Effect • Use of force

  19. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Barriers to Leaving Fear Denial Low self-esteem Cultural Pressures Religion Economic Dependence

  20. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Reasons for Staying Love Self-Blame Economic Dependence Optimism Culture Religion Lack of information/knowledge

  21. Danger Assessment ToolBy Dr. Jacquelyn Campbell, PHD, RN, FAAN ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Refer to Handout www.dangerassessment.org “Every year 3 to 4 million in the US are abused and 1500 to 1600 are killed by their abusers. The challenge for those who encounter abused women is to identify those with the highest level of danger”

  22. Batterer Generated Risk Assessment ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12

  23. Life Generated Risk Assessment ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12

  24. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 DV & Women with Multiple Vulnerabilities Multiple vulnerabilities simply means that a woman living in or leaving a domestically violent situation often presents with co-occuring conditions that affect her health & well being, safety, decision-making and priorities.

  25. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Multiple Vulnerabilities • No Health Insurance • Poor Work History • Low Educational Attainment • Health Problems • Mental Health Issues • Cognitive Impairment • Substance Use/Abuse • HIV/AIDS or other STIs • Historical Trauma

  26. Health Outcomes of Violence Against WomenPartner Abuse, Sexual Assault & Child Sexual Abuse Physical Health Injury Functional impairment Physical symptoms Poor subjective health Permanent disability Severe obesity Chronic Conditions Chronic pain syndromes Irritable bowel syndrome Gastrointestinal disorders Somatic complaints Fibromyalgia ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Reproductive Health • Unwanted pregnancy • STDs/HIV • Gynecological disorders • Unsafe abortion • Pregnancy complications • Miscarriages/low birth weight • Pelvic inflammatory diseases • Fatal Outcomes • Homicide • Suicide • Maternal mortality • AIDS-related Sources: Center for Health and Gender Equity (CHANGE), Violence Against Women WHO Consultation 1996, California Center of Excellence for Trauma Informed Care

  27. Mental Low Self-Esteem PTSD Anxiety Dissociative syndrome Depression Phobias/Panic disorder Aggression/Anger problems Agorophobia Alexithymia Munchausen’s syndrome Somatization syndrome Obsessive-compulsive disorder Hallucinations Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Behavioral Alcoholism Illicit drug abuse Tobacco use Decreased seat belt use Decreased helmet use Reduced compliance with medication and treatment Promiscuity Hoarding Cutting or other self-harm Suicide/suicidal behavior Health Outcomes of Violence Against WomenPartner Abuse, Sexual Assault & Child Sexual Abuse ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Sources: Center for Health and Gender Equity (CHANGE), Violence Against Women WHO Consultation 1996, California Center of Excellence for Trauma Informed Care

  28. Functioning(Ability to Self Advocate) Placing Other People’s Wants Ahead of Your Own Unassertiveness and Tolerance of Disrespect Decision Making Driven by “Supposed To’s” Inability to Deal with Hostility Negative Self Talk ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Source: Healing from the Trauma of Domestic Violence: A Workbook for Women, Edward S. Kubany, PH.D., Mari A. McCaig, MSCP, Janet R. Laconsay, MA

  29. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 "Families under stress produce children under stress. If a spouse is being abused and there are children in the home, the children are affected by the abuse." (Ackerman and Pickering, 1989)

  30. Dynamics of domestic violence are unhealthy for children ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Control of family by one dominant member • Creating role models that perpetuate the violence. Abuse of a parent • Undermining the mother's authority. • Retaliating against the mother for her efforts to protect the children. • Using the children as weapons against the mother. Isolation • Sowing divisions within the family. • Protecting the "family secret.”

  31. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Lessons Children Can Learn • When They Live With Family Violence • Violence has a place within family interactions. • Power is hierarchical and coercive. • Abuse and violence reinforce power. • Violence works – it is a solution to problems, not a problem in & of itself • The safest place for me (the child) is in the arms of the abusive parent. • Negative and rigid gender roles and identifications. • Victims of violence are at best to tolerate this behavior and, at worst, to examine their responsibility in bringing on the violence.

  32. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Lessons Children Can Learn • When They Live With Family Violence • Continued • Fear is the emotion that permeates a relationship and governs the interactions. • To react, not initiate. • Violence is an appropriate means of stress management. • Intensity determines recognition, difficulty recognizing low-level emotions. • Gentleness, compassion & empathy are signs of weakness. • If violence is reported to others in the community, including mental health and criminal justice professionals, there are few if any consequences.

  33. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Exposure to Domestic Violence Seeing Hearing

  34. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Exposure to Domestic Violence • Exposure is important because.. • Children are frequently involved in violent incidents • High co-occurrence of child abuse and adult dv • Exposure to violence affects child development Kids Know What is Going On! 46% of caregivers say kids are exposed 77% of kids report exposure (Johnson et al 2002)

  35. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Children Involved in Domestic Violence 36% of children frequently or very frequently yelled to stop violent conflicts 11.7% of children frequently or very frequently called someone to help during a violent incident 10.8% of children frequently or very frequently physically intervened to stop violence (Edleson et al. (2003))

  36. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Children abused in homes where there is Domestic Violence 50% of children are threatened 33% of children accidently injured 25% of children intentionally injured 50% of mothers were abused stopping child abuse (Edleson et al. (2003)) More than 1/3 of exposed children had also been physically maltreated in the past year compared to 8.6% of non-exposed children (Humbly et al 2010) Mothers who are battered may be more likely to physically abuse their children than mothers who are not battered.

  37. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Lisa’s Tape

  38. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Domestic Violence Can Interfere with Healthy Child Development • Behavioral • Emotional • Physical • Social Development with Peers and Adults • Intellectual and Academic Performance

  39. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 California Attorney General’s OfficeCrime & Violence Prevention CenterVIDEO First Impressions… Exposure to Violence and A Child’s Developing Brain

  40. DV & Trauma Can Interfere with Healthy Child Development ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Human Danger Response • Fight= Physiological arousal • Aggression Irritability/anger, trouble concentrating, hyperactivity or “silliness” • Flight = Withdrawal and escape • Social isolation, avoidance of others (sitting alone in class or at recess), running away • Freeze = Stilling and constriction • Constricted emotional expression, stilling of behavior, over compliance and denial of needs Blaustein Margaret & Kinniburgh Kristine, Treating Traumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents, Pg. 27

  41. DV & Trauma Can Interfere with Healthy Child Development ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • The belief systems of children who have experienced trauma may include the following: • “I’m not safe.” • “People want to hurt me.” • “The world is dangerous.” • “If I am in danger, no one will help.” • “I’m not good/smart/worthy enough for people who care about me.” • “I’m not powerful.” • “It will never get better.” Blaustein Margaret & Kinniburgh Kristine, Treating Traumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents, Pg. 24

  42. DV/Trauma Can Interfere with Healthy Child Development ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Negative Coping Strategies • Emotional numbing / constriction • Withdrawal/avoidance of others • Indiscriminant attachments • Hyper-control of the environment/rigidity • Substance use / abuse • Alterations in eating patterns • Constricted or excessive sexual behaviors • Self injury • Sensation seeking behaviors • Aggressive or other externalizing behaviors

  43. Need Fulfilling Behaviors that are Common Among Children Who Received Inconsistent Early Care ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Emotional/Relational Needs • Emotionally demanding behavior (whiny, interrupting, dramatic) • Seeking negative attention (acting out) • Poor interpersonal boundaries (too much sharing) • Attempts to control the environment (may be described as “lying” or “manipulative” • Physical • Physical nurturance-seeking behavior • Hoarding or stealing food, clothing, objects Blaustein Margaret & Kinniburgh Kristine, Treating Traumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents, Pg. 29

  44. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Child’s exposure to violence varies, • therefore we need to have varied responses • Variation depending on… • The frequency, severity and chronicity of the • violence • Child’s involvement, what they saw and heard • Protective & risk factors in a child’s • environment • Children’s own internal capacity

  45. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 RESILIENCE the ability to recover from or adjust to misfortune or change

  46. Mind-body connection with an emphasis on relaxation • Working with emotions • with an emphasis on fear • Expanding • coping strategies • Finding meaning • in traumatic and • difficult events Four Components of Resilience

  47. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 What You Can Do To Help Children Cope with Stress & Trauma? Support development in three key areas… Attachment Self Regulation Developmental Competencies

  48. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Attachment • Be educated about trauma and trauma response • Learn about consistent responses to actions/events • Support routines & rituals • Support parent/guardian When faced with people, situations, places, or things that remind them of traumatic events, children may re-experience the intense and disturbing feelings tied to the original traumatic event. These “trauma reminders” or “triggers” can lead to behaviors that seem out of place in the current situation, but were appropriate -- and perhaps helpful– at the time of the original traumatic event.

  49. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 Common Triggers for Children who Have Experienced DV & Trauma • Unpredictability or sudden change • Transition • Loss of control • Feeling vulnerable • Feeling rejected • Confrontation • Loneliness • Sensory overload (too much stimulation from the environment) • Intimacy (safety, love, security, family) • Peace/calm/quiet

  50. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walnut Avenue Women’s Center: Domestic Violence Training for CASA 3/19/12 • Self Regulation • Identify Emotions • Manage Arousal Children express feelings in different ways than we do as adults. Young children often do not have the words to describe their feelings. Sounds, body language, and movement are ways that may communicate children’s stress to us. We can help children explore their feelings by allowing them to have feelings without judging them and helping children name their feelings. We want to be prepared to respond in a nurturing manner.

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