FINAL REPORT PRO POOR ENERGY STRATEGY

1. FINAL REPORTPRO POOR ENERGY STRATEGY Technical Working Group V Prepared by: Rizal isnanto & aulia l.I. firdausy CASINDO TEAM FOR CENTRAL JAVA Grand Candi Hotel Semarang July, 10th 2011

2. RESEARCH PERIOD AND DURATION As indicated in the table, period of TWG V activities is conducted in 13 (thirteen) months, which first activity (suitable communities selection) is started in April 2010 and completed at the end of April 2011 with activities of program evaluation and report making. The duration of each activity can be shown in the table.

3. OVERVIEW AND EVALUATION Regional Level • Department of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM Department) has launched a program named Self Sufficient Energy Village (Desa Mandiri Energi – DME). • DME is an alternative energy supply solutions. Besides, the development of DME program is expected to reduce the level of poverty (Pro-Poor), strengthening the national economy (Pro-Growth) and improve the environment (Pro-Planet). • DME program is intended to as an entry point in rural economic activities. First time, DME is launched by the President of Republic of Indonesia at one village in Grobogan, Central Java in 2007 and continue in other villages. At the end of 2009, the program is expected to form 850 DME and targeted until the end of 2014 which will be targeted to form 3.000 DMEs.

4. OVERVIEW AND EVALUATION • One of the policies in regional level for Pro-Poor Strategy is to substitute fire woods for cooking with biogas. • The main objective of this policy is to sustain energy supply for cooking, while the secondary objective is to introduce new energy source from their potential energy and to provide biogas to the most of indigenous households in rural community for their daily activities. • The government should improve and totally support socialization process to introduce this new technology. It is likely to be achieved, although initially, some indigenous were reluctant to adopt the new technology.

5. OVERVIEW AND EVALUATION Local Level • One of the policies in local level for Pro-Poor Strategy is to substitute usage of kerosene, firewoods, and LPG with biogas. • The main objective of this policy is to decrease the utilization of fire woods as an energy source for cooking. • The secondary objective is to diversify energy supply & introduce new technology. To achieve these goals, pro-poor policies in local level, dairy cows manure is used as an energy source in Sruni Village and implement it to decrease energy use of kerosene, fire woods, LPG in their daily activities, especially fire woods for cooking. The program started in 2010, some native already received partly subsidized new biogas technology. The aim is to implement biogas utilization in the most of indigenous households in rural community because of their potential cows manure. • The program impact is that the Natives will have technology that allows using cheaper fuel than non-subsidized kerosene and fire woods collected by them, so that production costs will not be too high. • The government should improve and totally support socialization process to introduce this new technology. It is likely to be achieved, although initially, some farmers were reluctant to adopt the new technology.

6. SELECTED TARGET LOCATION SELECTED TARGET LOCATION The location was selected based on the several considered criteria, as follows: • Low-income rural communities, • Form of energy which is currently used for domestic activities, community services and small business is concentrated in firewood, • There is renewable energy potentials and sources are available locally, • The social background and characteristics on selected communities are considered (in order to implement the energy policies successfully and sustainably).

7. SELECTED TARGET LOCATION Site Survey • After resulting potential locations, in May 2010 a site survey was conducted together with Dinas. First location visited is Musuk Subdistrict, Boyolali District . • The subdistrict was selected from potential locations because, firstly, Boyolali is a district which produces a great amount of milk from dairy cows (greatest amount in Central Java); and secondly, the fact that Musuk Subdistrict does not receive any funds from Hivos project, as well as from other institutions, while other subdistricts receive.

8. SELECTED TARGET LOCATION • Profile of Sruni Village Boyolali district as one of 35 districts in Central Java Province, located in between 110.22‘ – 110.50' East Longitude and 7.36' – 7.71' South Latitude, with height between 75 until 1500 meters from sea level and has distance to unfold: West – East = 48 kms, North – South = 54 kms. Boyolali consists of 19 subdistricts. Musuk Subdistrict is located in South-West side of Boyolali

9. SELECTED TARGET LOCATION

10. SELECTED TARGET LOCATION

11. Population and Type of Works SELECTED TARGET LOCATION Note: 275 people reside in Watesari subvillage, where the survey was conducted. Note: Most of people get income less than regional minimum wages (UMR). In 2009, UMR in Boyolali is Rp 718,500

12. ENERGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT PRA Tools and Participatory Method of Data Collection 1. Semi-structuredinterview (Survey) • This activity is successfully conducted on last January 2011. The survey conducted from 08.00-17.00 with 100 correspondent divided into 4 groups. The groups are household, public community, business and government. The questions are around personalities, and their views for the energy use in their daily activities. And the most important question is about their opinion in another source they used for energy. • From Survey we got the conclusion that they need to find the other energy sources because they think that they have a potential source as the main material for installing biogas as the solution for unused manure in their place.

13. ENERGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT 2. Focus group discussions (FGD) Because Sruni village lies on 10 km from Merapi, the FGD cannot be formally conducted. It is impossible to be done because the area should be isolated and the people there should be evacuated into another place. The area should have been left by the people since last December. But the FGD are still conducted even not in formal condition.

14. ENERGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT Conclusion • Sruni has a potential alternatives energy, because most of sruni’s people have cow manure and do not know to manage it. • Most of Household sector in Sruni depend on woods for cooking. PLN for lighting and electrical supply. • Most of Public community depend on PLN for doing their activities. • Most of Bussiness depend on PLN and gasoline for their transportation. • And for Government depend on PLN for their activities. • The progress of our team is conducting survey for solving the problem and purpose a specific program to solve the problem. • The Sruni’s people need socialization by the relevant agencies so that the public gradually realized that the cow manure into biogas is very useful. • The purposed program for solving this problem called “ OlahLimbahjadiBerkah– Processing Wastes into Blessing". • The government will totally support the program.

15. ENERGY NEED ASSESSMENT Identified Energy Problems • From the previous descriptions, it can be concluded that biogas energy is the answer to solve problems related the expensiveness of LPG gas and excessiveness of cows manure. Analysis and Calculation (next slides)

19. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs Energy Usage and Biogas Potential in Sruni Village

20. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs Energy Used for Cooking Although electricity has reached most of entire of the village (95%) and most households have gas stove for cooking (70%), there are still many households use firewood for cooking because of expensive price of LPG gas.

21. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs Unused Cows Manure • Up until now, cows manure is not used for a specific use. Therefore, there are excessive amount of manure in stall and backyards.

22. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs From the previous subchapters, it can be inferred that problem rises in Sruni Village is how households can manage the excessiveness of cows manure. On the other hand, there is an expensiveness of LPG gas price for which they prefer using firewood to LPG for cooking. One most probable answer for their problem is to use excessive cows manure as a potential biogas energy which can be alternative for LPG.

23. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs Stakeholders Consultation • In August 9th, 2010, CASINDO project arrange a coordination meeting with LPTP (Laboratory for Appropriate Technology Engineering) and HiVOS in laboratory of LPTP in Surakarta, Central Java. As result of the meeting, CASINDO Project has made a collaboration with LPTP Boyolali and HiVOS of Surakarta Region to construct a biogas digester as a pilot in the Sruni Village, Boyolali. After meeting, CASINDO conduct a site visit in the laboratory. Site survey for studying biogas reactor feasibility was conducted by three parties, there were: CASINDO Project, Hivos of Surakarta, and LPTP Boyolali.

24. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs • After site visit, two weeks later CASINDO make a meeting for preparing socialization of biogas reactor implementation in Sruni Village by HiVOS of Surakarta. At the end of August 2010, site survey for studying biogas reactor implementation by HiVOS of Surakarta. The socialization for biogas digester implementation is conducted in September 22nd, 2010. Number of attendants come to the activity are 26 people. In the end of September 2010, a biogas digester pilot in Sruni Village is constructed. • The Survey for biogas digester implementation was conducted on last January 2011 by UNDIP CASINDO Team. The Team consists of 4 people. The number of respondent is 100 people divided into 4 groups, i.e. households, businesses, governmental sectors, and public community. The survey conducted from 08.00 am until 05.00 pm. • Figures below show some activities regarding to socialization, survey on 4 groups of respondents, and digester site visit.

25. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs

26. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs • Survey

27. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs

28. Proposed Policy Measures that Address the Identified Energy Needs In the end of September 2010, a biogas digester pilot in Sruni Village had been completely constructed. Herebelows show the biogas digester construction implemented in Sruni Village.

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