Examining Parts of a Plant

1. Examining Parts of a Plant 8th Grade Exploring AgricultureResources: http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/parts.html

2. Student Learning Objectives • 1. Describe the parts of the plant. • 2. Identify the reproductive structures of plants that exist in the flower. • 3. Describe the difference between monocot and dicot flowers. • 4. Explain the difference between pollination and fertilization. • 5. Describe environmental factors that can influence the beginning of the flowering process.

3. Terms • Leaves • Monocot • Ovaries • Ovule • Perfect flower • Petal • Photoperiodism • Phytochrome • Pistil • Pistillate flower • Anther • Anthesis • Complete flower • Dicot • Fertilization • Filament • Flower • Fruit • Imperfect flower • Incomplete flower

4. Terms cont. • Pollen • Pollination • Roots • Seeds • Sepal • Stamen • Staminate flower • Stems • Stigma • Style • Vernalization

5. Parts of a Plant • Roots • Roots act like straws absorbing water and minerals from the soil. • Tiny root hairs stick out of the root, helping in the absorption. • Roots help to anchor the plant in the soil so it does not fall over. • Roots also store extra food for future use.

6. Parts of a Plant • Stems • Stems do many things. • They support the plant. • They act like the plant's plumbing system, conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose from the leaves to other plant parts. • Stems can be herbaceous like the bendable stem of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree.

7. Types of Stems • Herbaceous: • Plants with stems that are usually soft and bendable. • Herbaceous stems die back to the ground every year. • Woody: • Plants with stems, such as tree trunks, that are hard and do not bend easily. • Woody stems usually don't die back to the ground each year.

8. Celery Sticks A celery stalk, the part of celery that we eat, is a special part of the leaf structure called a petiole. A petiole is a small stalk attaching the leaf blade of a plant to the stem. In celery, the petiole serves many of the same functions as a stem. It's easy to see the "pipes" that conduct water and nutrients in a stalk of celery. Here the "pipes" are dyed red so you can easily see them

9. Parts of a Plant • Leaves • Most plants' food is made in their leaves. • Leaves are designed to capture sunlight which the plant uses to make food through a process called photosynthesis.

10. Parts of a Plant • Flowers • Flowers are the reproductive part of most plants. • Flowers contain pollen and tiny eggs called ovules. • After pollination of the flower and fertilization of the ovule, the ovule develops into a fruit.

11. Parts of a Flower • Flower- reproductive part of flowering plants

12. Parts of a Flower cont… • Sepals - green-like structures beneath the petals; offer protection to developing bud Sepal

13. Parts of a Flower cont… • Petals - usually brightly colored; attract pollinators Petal

14. Parts of a Flower cont… • Stamens - male reproductive part of flower Stamen

15. Parts of a Flower cont… • Pistil - female reproductive part of the flower Pistil

17. Reproductive Structures • Stamen • Anther - produces the pollen • Filament - stalk which supports the anther

18. Reproductive Structures cont… • Pistil • Stigma - has sticky surface to capture pollen • Style - tube-like; connects stigma with the ovary • Ovary - contains the ovules

20. Groups of flowers • Complete flower - has all four major parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils). • Incomplete flower - lack one or more of the major parts • Perfect flower – contains both stamens and pistils

21. Groups of flowers cont… • Imperfect flower - lacks either stamens or pistils • Pistillate flower - has pistils but no stamens • Staminate flower - has stamens but no pistils

22. Monocot vs. Dicot • Monocots- flower parts in multiples of 3 • Dicots- flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

23. Pollination and Fertilization • Pollination - when a pollinator transfers pollen grains from anther to stigma • Fertilization - when pollen fuses with the egg cell • VIDEO: http://www.unitedstreaming.com • Keyword: Pollen Trip; Title: The Pollen Trip

25. Influence on Flower Formation • Photoperiodism - growth response of a plant to the length of day • Vernalization - process by which floral induction in some plants is promoted by exposing the plants to cool temperatures for a certain length of time

26. Phytochrome - pigment in cytoplasm of green plants; associated with the absorption of light that affects growth, development, and differentiation including flowering of a plant, independent of photosynthesis • Anthesis - release of pollen from the anther

27. Parts of a Plant • Fruit • Fruit provides a covering for seeds. • Fruit can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a nut. • Seeds • Seeds contain new plants. • Seeds form in fruit.

28. Review/Summary • What are the major parts of flowers? • What reproductive structures exist in the flower and what are their functions? • How is a monocot flower different from a dicot flower? • What is the difference between pollination and fertilization? • Describe environmental factors that can influence the beginning of the flowering process.