Smart Grid Focused Use Cases for Transmission and Distribution Operations

1. Smart Grid Focused Use Cases for Transmission and Distribution Operations Nokhum Markushevich Smart Grid Operations Consulting (UCI associated) n.markushevich@smartgridoperations.com nokhum@uci-usa.com

2. Basic Guidelines for Efficient Information Exchange to Meet the SG goals • Adequate and Standard Object Models • Adequate Process Models • Actors and actuators involved • Reasonable (useful) accuracy of information • Adequate Timeliness (account for latency of information, embedded delays, execution time) • Adequate information transfer capacity (volume and timing) • Cyber Security • Standard communication protocols

3. When building Use Case • Take into account significant interrelationships between objects and operations (reasonably apply holistic approach) • Revise traditional simplifying assumptions • Find adequate balance between simplicity and complexity • Find adequate balance between integration and decomposition.

4. Prepare a brief description (narrative) of the use case (function) Identify pre-conditions (incl. legacy conditions) Identify all actors and actuators for the use case Identify object/data models for each actor and actuator Identify interfaces between actors Describe the steps of the function Trigger of the step (event) Actors participating in the step Data sources Data recipients Contents of data (messages) Accuracy of data (reasonable) Volume of data Timing Time synchronization Storage of data Security Development of use cases

5. Use Cases

6. List of Use Cases for DGMI (PAP 8) • Real-time Distribution Operation Model and Analysis (DOMA) – situational awareness for distribution. • Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR) • Voltage/Var/Watt Optimization (VVWO) • Distribution Contingency Analysis (DCA) • Multi-level Feeder Reconfiguration (MFR) • Relay Protection Re-coordination (RPRC) • Pre-arming of Remedial Action Schemes (PRAS) • Coordination of Emergency Actions (CEmA) • Coordination of Restorative Actions (CRA) • Intelligent Alarm Processing (IAP)

7. ADA use case:Goals: Reliability, Quality, Efficiency External System 36 35 32 DER/ES 33 34 45 MOS 46 37 Appliances 44 DER controller 18 11 Micro-grid controller Customer EMS Appliances 31 Smart meters ISO/RTO 40 38 3 41 2 4 CIS/AMI/DER/DR Data Management Systems Aggregator 13 1 12 29 39 30 17 28 SCADA/EMS 21 50 47 Engi- neering 15 48 Load Management system 27 49 GIS 5-8 IED 26 DSCADA ADA Gateway Validation 19 20 DOMA, includes ADA database 51 FLIR 10 VVWO 25 9 24 16 23 42 43 14 Ope rator 22 Field Crew

8. List of Use Cases for Transmission Operations (PAP 14)(including the DER/ES, Demand Response, and interrelationships between the transmission and automated distribution operations) Normal Operating Conditions • Resource planning functions • System planning functions • Operation Planning functions • Load forecasting functions • Generation monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness) • Generation control functions • Transmission monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness) • Near-real-time transmission optimization functions • Real-time transmission control functions • Post mortem analyses of transmission operations.

9. Transmission monitoring functions (Wide Area Situational Awareness) • Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) • Bus load modeling (include Load-to-Voltage and Load –to-Frequency dependences and load management capabilities) • State estimation (with PMU) • Dynamic limit monitoring • Network Sensitivity Analysis • Steady-state contingency analysis • Dynamic security analysis • Cyber Security Contingency Analysis • Intelligent alarm processing

10. List of Use Cases for Transmission Operations (PAP 14)(including the DER/ES, Demand Response, and interrelationships between the transmission and automated distribution operations) Emergency Operating Conditions • Near real time pre-arming and re-coordination functions • Real-time remedial action functions • Real-time restorative functions

11. Near real time pre-arming and re-coordination functions • Relay protection • Load-shedding • Generator-shedding • Fast generator starts based on operational parameters (angle, voltage, frequency, other) • Intentional islanding in transmission • Intentional islanding in distribution • System stabilizer • Voltage, var, and power flow controlling functions • Distributed generation pre-setting • Demand response pre-setting • Electric storage enabling pre-setting • Distributed intelligence schemes in distribution for fault isolation and service restoration • Re-coordination of protection in distribution systems

12. Real-time remedial action functions • Load-shedding • Generator-shedding • Fast generator starts based on operational parameters (angle, voltage, frequency, other) • Intentional islanding in transmission • Intentional islanding in distribution (micro-grids) • Distributed generation starts • Demand response enabling • Electric storage enabling • Transmission sectionalizing • Voltage, var, and power flow control

13. Real-time restorative functions • Auto-synchronization • Restoration of shed loads • After under-frequency load shedding • After under-voltage load shedding • After special load shedding • Reset of distributed generation • Reset of Demand Response • Reset of electric storage • Reset of VVWO objective

14. Interrelationships between DGM and TGM (non-exhaustive) Monitoring functions BLM SE DLM DOMA NSA SCA DSA FLIR CbSA LSh VVWO Gensh DCA Pre-arming Genstart MFR Islanding PrRAS VVWC CrdEA DER/ES DR CrdRA LOAD DER/ES DR SCD OPF ED VVWO Restoration Optimization/control

15. Recommended first priority UC for PAP 14 • Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) • Bus load modeling (include Load-to-Voltage and Load –to-Frequency dependences and load management capabilities) • State estimation (with PMU) • Dynamic limit monitoring • Network Sensitivity Analysis • Steady-state contingency analysis • Dynamic security analysis • Cyber Security Contingency Analysis • WACS functions (under self-healing concept) – update of the IntelliGrid Self-healing Use Case.

16. Thank you!