February 3, 2012

1. February 3, 2012 • Today: Terms • Intro to Diseases • WEDNESDAY: Ch 2 Test

2. Animal Safety & Handling Chapter 2

3. In this chapter: • Importance of safety • Discuss diseases • Preventing human infection • Restraint procedures • Chemical safety

4. Terms • Evulsions • A tear or pulled out wound (a bite) • Immune Gamma Globulin (IGG) • Antibodies • Intermediate Host • A host that a parasitic organism lives on during an immature stage

5. Terms • Intradermal • Within the skin • Intramuscular • Within the muscle • Parasites • Organisms that live on or within another organism and host, deriving food from that host (Ex: ticks and worms)

6. Terms • Reservoir • An immune host • Sustenance • FOOD! • Zoonoses • Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans

7. Risks with Small Animals • Zoonoses • Rabies • Bubonic Plague (Gangrene) • Ascarids (Roundworm) • Hookworms • Vaccination and deworming

8. Risks with Small Animals • Toxoplasmosis • Clean that litter!! • Ringworm • It’s a fungus! (Not a worm!) • Psittacosis • Parrot fever • Cat-scratch fever • Salmonellosis • Streptococcal infections

9. Non-Disease Risks • Bites • Scratches • Potential for infection? • Dependent on area • Animal identification • Domestic vs Wild

10. February 6, 2012 • Review Diseases • Physical Restraint • Attire • Top 15ish things to know! • Tomorrow: REVIEW • Wednesday: TEST!!

11. Diseases • Roundworms and hookworms • Deworming • Preventative Drug Programs • Recognize and avoid contaminated outdoor objects • Remove animal waste from play areas and yard • Obey leash laws.

12. Toxoplasmosis • Infection from a parasite • Causes • Careless handling of litter • Eating contaminated soil • Symptoms in humans: • Enlarged lymph nodes in the head and neck • Headache • Mild illness with fever, similar to mononucleosis • Muscle pain • Sore throat

13. Ringworm • Skin infection due to a fungus • Causes: • Fungus, not a worm • Touching someone or something with the infection, or items contaminated by the fungus (VERY EASILY SPREAD!) • Warm, moist areas • Treatment: • Keep your skin clean and dry. • Apply over-the-counter antifungal or drying powders, lotions, or creams that contain miconazole or clotrimazole • Don't wear clothing that rubs the area. • Wash sheets and pajamas

14. Psittacosis • Spread through contact with contaminated bird feces (rare) • Symptoms: • Blood-tinged sputum • Dry cough • Fatigue • Fever and chills • Headache • Joint aches • Muscle aches • Shortness of breath • Treatment: • Antibiotics

15. Cat-scratch fever-Bartonellahenselae • Contact with an infected cat or saliva on broken skin or white of the eye • Symptoms: • Bump or blister at site of injury • Fatigue • Fever (in some) • Headache • Lymph node swelling near the site • Overall discomfort • Treatment: • Not usually necessary

16. Salmonellosis • Infection in the lining of the small intestine • Eaten improperly prepared or stored food • Family with recent salmonella infection • Recent family illness with gastroenteritis • A pet iguana or other lizards, turtles, or snakes • Symptoms: • Abdominal pain or cramping or tenderness • Chills, Diarrhea, Fever • Muscle pain, Nausea, Vomiting • Treatment: • Replace fluids and electrolytes lost by diarrhea. • Antibiotics • Acetaminophen or ibuprofen (fever and aches) • BRAT diet: • Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. These are binding foods

17. Streptococcal infections • Group A and group B • Group A strep: • Strep throat • Scarlet fever - red rash on the body • Impetigo - a skin infection • Toxic shock syndrome • Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease) • Group B strep: • Blood infections • Pneumonia • Meningitis in newborns • Urinary tract infections • Skin infections • Treatment: • Antibiotics

18. Rabies! • Questions to ask: • Species of animal • Frequency of rabies in the area • Circumstances around bite • Behavior of animal • Can animal be quarantined and observed • Is animal brain examination available

19. Animal Care Workers • Protection? • Intradermal “pre-exposure” injections • Intramuscular “exposure” injections • Proper first aid and handling

20. AHD • Alveolar Hydatid Disease • Tapeworm • Cause: Possible illegal shipments of animals • Intermediate hosts: Fox, coyotes & mice • Symptoms: • Eggs hatch in SI • Migrate to liver/kidney & develop cysts • Treatment: • Surgical removal of cysts

21. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever • Carried by ticks • Symptoms • Chills, Confusion, Fever • Headache, Muscle pain • Rash –starting at extremities • Treatment • Careful removal of tick • Antibiotics

22. Lyme Disease • Bacterial infection from blacklegged tick bites • Numbers to remember: 3 & 5!! • Risk factors: • Doing outside activities that increase tick exposure • Having a pet that may carry ticks home • Walking in high grasses • Important facts: • Tick must be attached to your body for 24 – 36 hours • Many people with Lyme disease never saw a tick on their body. • Most people who are bitten by a tick do not get Lyme disease. • Symptoms: • Body-wide itching, Chills, Fever • General ill-feeling, Headache, Light-headedness or fainting • Muscle pain, Stiff neck • Treatment: • Removal of tick, and antibiotic

23. Tapeworm • Caused by: • A tapeworm! • You guessed it!! • Symptoms: • Usually no outward symptoms • Abdominal discomfort in some • Treatment: • Oral medication, often single dose

24. Physical Restraint • Why? • Danger of animal to itself • Danger of animal to other animals or people • Injury • Scared or confused • Sick • Transportation • Catch • Page 18-20

26. Proper Attire for Animal Handling • You may need: • Rubber boots or gloves • Face mask • Eye protection • Long sleeves or pants • Ear protection • Hats or head protection • Lab coat

27. The General Gist of the Matter… • Always wear protective clothing and equipment when the job requires it • Always wash protective clothing and equipment after use to prevent contamination • Wash hands and face after completing a job to make sure all chemical residue is removed • If required, shower after completing a job so that chemical residue is completely removed from the body

28. Wash hands frequently while working with animals, especially if working with different species and in different areas. This will prevent contamination to other animals and will prevent self-contamination • Keep hands away from the mouth, eyes, and face when working with chemicals and animals to prevent contamination • Do not consume food or drinks in areas where contamination could occur, and do not store these items in areas where contamination could occur.

29. Remove uniforms, lab coats, and coveralls when leaving an area that could be contaminated • Never wash uniforms, lab coats, and coveralls with regular clothing • Make sure all containers are correctly labeled to prevent the misuse of a chemical. • Dispose of all chemicals and their containers according to proper procedure or instructions on the label • Students and small animal workers should be instructed in the proper methods of handling small animals • Keep a first aid kit nearby, and make sure anyone involved with animal care is aware of the location.