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The American Industrial Revolution

The American Industrial Revolution. 1793-1850. The Birth of the Factory in America:. Samuel Slater brought British machinery secrets to U.S.A. Opened the 1 st factory in Pawtuckett , RI. -focused on production of cotton thread

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The American Industrial Revolution

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  1. The American Industrial Revolution 1793-1850

  2. The Birth of the Factory in America: • Samuel Slater brought British machinery secrets to U.S.A. • Opened the 1st factory in Pawtuckett, RI. -focused on production of cotton thread -Lowell, MA 1st mill to manufacture all aspects of the textile. -”Mill Girls”= women factory workers

  3. Infrastructure and government: • Turnpikes= toll roads; money used to improve the roads being travelled on. • National Road-Western Maryland to the Ohio River. (in present day West Virginia)

  4. Water travel: • Steamboat is invented by Robert Fulton • Drastically sped up water travel: before steamboat: New Orleans to Louisville took 4 months. after steamboat: same trip in 20 days.

  5. Water travel continued… • Cross Atlantic travel: before steamboat: 25-50 days after steamboat: 10-14 days

  6. Canals: • Began in the Northeast • Erie Canal System, 363 mi. across NY state. before canals: cost to ship 1 ton of freight=100$ after canals: 4$

  7. “King Cotton” • Replaced tobacco as the dominant southern crop. • Eli Whitney, cotton gin, 1793. • Cotton production in 1793: 5 million lbs. 1820: 170 million lbs. *Southern Plantations created 60% of all cotton used in U.S. and European manufacturing.*

  8. Innovations: • Interchangeable parts Eli Whitney developed the idea and process of manufacturing goods more uniformly. -created easy fixes to problematic or old tools. -shifted jobs from skilled artisans to specialized “assembly line” like work.

  9. Innovations continued… • Telegraph -Samuel Morse, 1833 -provided nearly instant communication. -hugely important for transportation and news.

  10. A Revival of Slavery: • Slave trade abolished in 1808. • 1.5 million slaves by 1820. • Cotton production necesitated an increase in slave labor. • Slavery advocates argued that slave conditions were better than mill/factory conditions in England.

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