1 / 29

The Dynamic Earth

The Dynamic Earth. Review Guide for the Chapter Test and the Final Exam. Into what four parts do scientists divide the Earth? The geosphere , the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere The solid part of the Earth. Most is located in the Earth’s interior. The geosphere.

zahi
Download Presentation

The Dynamic Earth

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Dynamic Earth Review Guide for the Chapter Test and the Final Exam

  2. Into what four parts do scientists divide the Earth? • The geosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere • The solid part of the Earth. Most is located in the Earth’s interior. • The geosphere

  3. The average radius of the Earth is _______. • 6,372 km • The _________ is the mixture of gases that makes up the air that we breath. • Atmosphere • Nearly all of the atmosphere may be found in the first ____ km above the surface. • 30

  4. The _______ makes up all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface. • Hydrosphere • 97% of the water on the Earth is located in the _______. • Oceans. • The _______ is the part of the Earth where life exists. • Biosphere

  5. By what method do scientists study the interior of the Earth? • Scientists study seismic waves. • What are the three layers into which scientists divide the earth’s interior? • The crust, mantle, and core • The lightest, thinnest layer of the Earth is the ______. • crust

  6. This layer of the Earth is composed of the densest materials. • The core • For 19 years, the Russians drilled a hole to a depth of 12 km on the Kola Peninsula. How old were the oldest rocks that they discovered? • 2.7 billion years old • The Earth’s lithosphere (part of the crust) is divided into pieces called _______________. • Tectonic plates

  7. Alfred Wegener developed the theory of continental drift and proposed that all of the continents were once joined to a landmass called _________. • Pangaea • Most of the Earth’s geologic activity at the surface is located at the boundaries between the _______________. • Tectonic plates

  8. The forces produced at the boundaries of tectonic plates can cause • Mountains to form, earthquakes to shake the crust, and volcanoes to erupt. • A break in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another. • A fault • A scale used by scientists to quantify the amount of energy released by an earthquake. • The Richter scale

  9. Each increase of magnitude by one whole number indicates a release of how much energy? • 31.7 times • Concentric oceanic waves created by oceanic volcanic eruptions or undersea landslides. • Tsunamis • A mountain built from magma. • A volcano

  10. What is the significance of the Ring of Fire? • It is a region that contains 75% of the world’s active volcanoes. • What evidence do scientists have that points to volcanic eruptions as the cause of the Dark Ages? • Tree ring and ice core data point to an eruption of a volcano called Krakatau in Indonesia that sent vapor and ash into the stratosphere causing global cooling. • (agricultural failures and the bubonic plague killed millions during this time)

  11. The removal and transport of surface material. • Erosion • What gas makes up most of the atmosphere? • Nitrogen (78%) • What percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen? • 21% • What purpose does the atmosphere serve for the planet? • Keeps the temperature stable. Insulates.

  12. Why does air pressure decrease as you go higher up in the atmosphere? • Gravity pulls gas molecules in the atmosphere downward. As a result, there are more gas molecules at the surface than higher up. As you go up there are fewer particles per cubic meter. • Why must airplane cabins be pressurized? • There is a lack of oxygen higher up in the atmosphere.

  13. What are the three methods by which the energy from the sun is transferred to the atmosphere? • Conduction, radiation, and convection • The transfer of heat by air currents. • Convection • The transfer of heat across space. • Radiation • The transfer of heat by direct contact. • Conduction

  14. Air that is constantly moving upward, downward, or sideways caused by energy from the sun causes Earth’s _________. • Weather • As air rises in the atmosphere it _______. • Cools • The process in which gases trap heat near the Earth is known as the ________________. • Greenhouse effect

  15. The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources is known as the ____________. • Water cycle • The process by which water is heated by the sun and rises into the atmosphere as vapor. • Evaporation • In this process, water forms droplets on dust particles. • condensation

  16. Large droplets of water that collects in clouds and falls down in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. • Precipitation • The deepest point on the Ocean Floor is in the Pacific and is called _____________. • Challenger Deep • Openings in the ocean floor where super-hot, mineral rich waters stream into the ocean. • Hydrothermal vents

  17. The concentration of the dissolved salts in the ocean water is called __________. • Salinity • How does the absorption and release of heat by the ocean differ from the absorption and release of heat by land and air? • The world ocean absorbs over half of the solar radiation that reaches the planet’s surface. As a result, the temperature of the atmosphere changes slower than it would if there were no oceans on Earth. The temperature of land changes rapidly in comparison.

  18. A network of streams that drains an area of land. • River system • Smaller streams that flow into larger ones. • Tributaries • A rock layer that stores and allows the flow of groundwater. • An aquifer • The surface of the land where water enters an aquifer. • Recharge zone

  19. The ozone layer is located in the ____________. • Stratosphere • All of the organisms living together in an area with their physical environment. • Ecosystem • What are the basic components necessary for an ecosystem to survive? • Energy, nutrients, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, living organisms

  20. The living and once living parts of an ecosystem. • Biotic factors • The nonliving parts of an ecosystem. • Abiotic factor • An individual living thing. • An organism • A group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. • species

  21. All of the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time. • Population • A variety of species that live in the same area and interact with each other. • Community • The place an organism lives. • habitat

  22. An English Naturalist who in 1859 observed that organisms in a population differ slightly from each other in form, function, and behavior. • Charles Darwin • Traits passed from parent to offspring. • Hereditary • A concept that explains how some individuals, because of their traits, are more likely to survive and reproduce than other individuals. • Natural Selection

  23. A change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next. • Evolution • An inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment. • Adaptation • The selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics. • Artificial Selection

  24. The ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it. • Resistance • Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem when a plant uses sunlight to make sugar molecules in a process called _________________. • Photosynthesis • What are the reactants for photosynthesis? • Carbon Dioxide and water

  25. What are the products of photosynthesis? • Sugar and Oxygen (you could say carbohydrates in place of sugar) • An organism that makes its own food. • Producer • An organism that gets its energy by eating other organisms. • Consumer

  26. A consumer that gets its food by breaking down dead organisms. • Decomposer • The chemical process by which animals break down food to obtain energy. • Cellular Respiration • Silent Spring was a book written to educate the population about the potential overuse of chemical pesticides like ______. • DDT

  27. A sequence in which energy is transferred from organism to the next as each organism eats another organism. • Food chain • A graphic organizer that shows the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem. • Food web • Each step through which energy is transferred in a food chain. • Trophic level

  28. __________ form the base of an energy pyramid. • Producers • When we burn fossil fuels, ________ is released into the atmosphere. • Carbon • A gradual process of change in an ecosystem. • Succession • The first species to colonize any newly available area. • Pioneer species

  29. What converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use? • Bacteria

More Related