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Computer Control of Power Systems and Energy Management Systems

Computer Control of Power Systems and Energy Management Systems. Outline. Introduction Conceptual Model of the EMS EMS Functions and SCADA Applications. Time decomposition of the power system operation. Open Distributed system in EMS OOPS. EMS

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Computer Control of Power Systems and Energy Management Systems

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  1. Computer Control of Power Systemsand Energy Management Systems

  2. Outline • Introduction • Conceptual Model of the EMS • EMS Functions and SCADA Applications. • Time decomposition of the power system operation. • Open Distributed system in EMS • OOPS

  3. EMS • Enhance the scope of SCADA by providing the power application software to assist the operator in monitoring and controlof the electrical network. • It consists of three important phases: • Gathering Information: Acquisition of real-time data and man machine information. • Decision Making. • Action by Transmitting Control Orders either • - Directly [Centralized Remote Control] • - Indirectly [Decentralized remote control or load • control].

  4. Conceptual Model of EMS Fig 1. Typical EMS Architecture

  5. Real Time Modeling of the system • Network Configuration Analysis • Observability Analysis • State Estimation and Data processing • Network Application Functions

  6. EMS Application and SCADA Functions 1. Real-Time Functions ·         Topological Analysis ·         State Estimation ·         Network Equivalent Calculation ·         Security Analysis ·         Generation Dispatch ·         Voltage and Reactive Optimization 2. Extended Real-Time Functions ·         Short term Load Forecast ·         Operator Load Flow ·         Short Circuit Calculation

  7. Online and Off line Tasks in an EMS

  8. The Functions in the EMS can be classified as 1. Primary Analysis (Perform decision making tasks) Programs for Message Switching. Control of Information Display Systems. Recording of Status and events. Information Processing for telecommand and control 2. Secondary Analysis(Operational planning tasks)          State Estimation Optimal Power flow Network Security Analysis Load Prediction

  9. Time Decomposition Of Power System Operation

  10. Application Functions in Pre-Dispatch, Dispatch and Post-Dispatch modes of an EMS.

  11. Hierarchical Control in EMS • Load frequency Control. • Economic Dispatch. • Power Exchange with Interconnected utilities. • Unit commitment. • Maintenance Scheduling

  12. On line and Off line Functions

  13. Application Programs in an Energy Control Centre

  14. Operating States of Power system

  15. No Operating State E: Equality Constraint I: Inequality Constraint 1 Normal 2 Alert 3 Emergency 4 In-Extremis 5 Restorative Description of the Operating states

  16. No Operating State From To 1 Preventive Alert Normal 2 Preventive Emergency Through Alert Normal 3 Corrective Emergency Normal Different Types of Control Action

  17. Framework for computer aids for decision making in control centers.

  18. Applications for Energy Management Systems and Energy trading Systems

  19. Block Diagram of an Integrated EMS

  20. Open Distributed Systems • Closed System vs. Open System • Closed system software • Restricted to run on a proprietary platform. • Data sharing with other computers extremely difficult. • Open System software • No longer relied on the single vendor to supply all the hardware and software for the EMS • Select the each individual subsystem within the EMS from • different vendors

  21. Impact of Open Systems in EMS • Purchase the hardware and software requirements for the • sufficient capacity only • - Incrementally upgrade the system as and when required. • - This helps in reducing the financial burden on the utilities • to change from the closed system to the open system.

  22. Object Oriented Programming Advantages: 1. Reusability 2. Expandability 3. Portability • Encapsulation (Data Hiding) • 2. Polymorphism (Over Loading) • 3. Inheritance (Specialization) Features of OOPS:

  23. REFERENCES Wrubel, J.N.; Hoffman, R, The new energy management system at PSE&G, IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Volume: 1 , Issue: 3 , July 1988, Pages:12 – 15 Evans, J.W, Energy management system survey of architectures, IEEE Computer Applications in Power , Volume: 2 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 1989, Pages:11 – 16 Lai, L.L, The impact of new technology on energy management systems and SCADA IEE Colloquium Advanced SCADA and Energy Management Systems, on , 6 Dec 1990, Pages:1/1 - 1/3 Sheble, G.B, Distributed distribution energy management system (DDEMS) exploratory experiments, IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Volume: 4 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 1991, Pages:37 – 42 Wasley, R.G.; Stadlin, W.O, Network applications in energy management systems, IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Volume: 4 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 1991, Pages:31 – 36 Pugh, I.G, The design and implementation of Ontario Hydro's new energy management system, Power System Monitoring and Control, 1991., Third International Conference on , 26-28 Jun 1991, Pages:192 – 197 Wolters, E.J, Distributed design for energy management systems, Power System Monitoring and Control, 1991., Third International Conference on , 26 28 Jun 1991 Huber, A.; Wu, F., Distributed computing for an advanced energy management system, Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, 1991. APSCOM-91., 1991 International Conference on, 5-8 Nov 1991, Pages:605 - 610 vol.2 Wheatley, R.; Hope, G.S.; Malik, O.P, Object oriented techniques in an energy management system, Power System Monitoring and Control, 1991., Third International Conference on , 26-28 Jun 1991, Pages:276 - 278Hopley, I.E.; Holden, T.; Wilhelmij, G.P, Decision support for energy management systems, Information-Decision-Action Systems in Complex Organisations, 1992., International Conference on , 6-8 Apr 1992, Pages:95 – 99

  24. REFERENCES Contd Kato, K.; Fudeh, H.R, Performance simulation of distributed energy management systems, , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Volume: 7 , Issue: 2 , May 1992, Pages:820 - 827. Murphy, L.; Wu, F.F., An open design approach for distributed energy management systems, , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Volume: 8 , Issue: 3 , Aug. 1993, Pages:1172 – 1179 Langhorne, C.; Carlson, C.; Chowdhury, S,Wide area network performance modeling of distributed energy management systems, , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Volume: 9 , Issue: 2 , May 1994, Pages:730 – 735 Pillai, M.K.G.; Ramakrishna, V.; Agrawal, V.K, Real time data acquisition and energy management system using distributed computer architecture, Industrial Automation and Control, 1995 (I A & C'95), IEEE/IAS International Conference on (Cat. No.95TH8005) , 5-7 Jan. 1995, Pages:427 – 434 Horiike, S.; Okazaki, Y., Modeling and simulation for performance estimation of open distributed energy management systems, , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Volume: 11 , Issue: 1 , Feb. 1996, Pages:463 - 468Pye, M.E.; Russell, T.D., Intelligent energy management systems. An operator view, Power System Control and Management, Fourth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 421) , 16-18 April 1996, Pages:154 – 159 Berry, T.; Gharban, C.; Zhang, S, Applying optimal power flow within an energy management system Optimal Power Flow - Invaluable Tool or Expensive Toy? (Digest No: 1997/102), IEE Colloquium on , 13 May 1997, Pages:5/1 - 5/3 Patil, A.G.; Sunwane, V.L, Renovation and modernisation of control centre/network applications in energy management system, TENCON 99. Proceedings of the IEEE Region 10 Conference , Volume: 2 , 15-17 Sept. 1999, Pages:911 - 914 vol.2 Ejebe, G.C.; Jing, C.; Gao, B.; Waight, J.G.; Pieper, G.; Jamshidian, F.; Hirsch, P,On-line implementation of transient stability assessment in an energy management system, Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE , Volume: 1 , 23-27 Jan. 2000, Pages:100 - 102 vol.1 Azevedo, G.P.; Oliveira Filho, A., Control centers with open architectures, IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Volume: 14 , Issue: 4 , Oct. 2001, Pages:27 – 32Stojkovic, B.; Vujosevic, I.,A compact SCADA system for a smaller size electric power system control-a fast, object-oriented and cost-effective approach, IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2002. Volume: 1 , 27-31 Jan. 2002, Pages:695 - 700 vol.1 Wan Adnan Wan Chik; Yusof, M.K.; Rahman, T.K.A,Web based application for energy management system in UiTM, Student Conference on Research and Development, 2002. SCOReD 2002. 16-17, July 2002, Pages: 444 – 447

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