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An English Settlement Jamestown. Quebec . 1608: First permanent French settlement in North America. Founded by Samuel de Champlain Characteristics of French Colonies: Fur Traders Catholic Priests Friendlier to Native Americans. QUEBEC. An English Settlement at Jamestown.
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Quebec • 1608: First permanent French settlement in North America. • Founded by Samuel de Champlain • Characteristics of French Colonies: • Fur Traders • Catholic Priests • Friendlier to Native Americans
An English Settlement at Jamestown • 1607: John Smith: • Member of a Joint-Stock Company: group of investors • Leader that made settlement successful. • Jamestown • First permanent English Colony in the Americas. • Looking for gold. • Noble men and adventurers.
POWHATAN • Original inhabitants of area • Offered colonists food during the “Starving Time” • Colonists and Natives were friendly at first. • Natives offered land for settlers to farm • Taught them how to farm.
JAMESTOWN A SUCCESS • TOBACCO: John Rolfe discovered the crop • BEGAN GROWING FOR EXPORT • TO SELL IN EUROPE. • MORE LABOR & LAND IS NEEDED TO GROW TOBACCO • Powhatan were forced of their land. • REVOLT • Killed 340 settlers • HOW DO YOU GET MORE WORKERS?
Headright System • System created as a result of success of tobacco crop. • Need for labor • System provided 50 acres of land to those who would settle in the colony. • RESULT of SYSTEM: • Colony’s population grew.
INDENTURED SERVANTS • Workers who exchanged their labor fro help getting started in America. • 7 years of service • Families would come over
Bacon’s Rebellion • Background: • Indentured servants service time ran up they would become small landowners. • This caused strains on VA’s social order. • Less land became available in the colony. • Settlers pushed west which caused conflict with Native Americans.
Bacon’s Rebellion • Cause: • Settlers weren’t given protection by the governor of Jamestown. • Leader of the settlers: Nathaniel Bacon • Led armed conflict with Native Americans • Gov. of Jamestown condemned Bacon’s actions. • Bacon led his forces to Jamestown and burned the town down. • Gov. fled the colony-----Bacon was killed
Bacon’s Rebellion • Result: • Government must serve all citizens. • Ordinary citizens have a voice. • VA began to rely on slavery for labor shortage.
Slavery • System in which people are “owned” like property. • Slaves from Africa arrived for the first time in 1619. • Used to harvest tobacco • Early slaves were freed after years of service • Over time were never allowed their freedom. • Economic concerns and racism on the part of European settlers help create------
Plantation System • Throughout the Southern Colonies. • Huge farms owned by wealthy landowners who raised cash crops. • Massive amounts of labor needed to run these farms. • System helped firmly root slavery throughout the colonies by the late 1600s.
Salutary Neglect • English monarch allowed the colonies to govern themselves: • Distance made it difficult for the King to keep control. • How did this influence the colonies? • Colonies had representative governments. • Rights of citizens
House of Burgesses (Virginia) • 1619 • First elected legislative body in the colonies. • Male property owners could vote • Wealthy, upper class • This body helped to establish representative government through o the colonies.
Colony Types • Royal Colony: • colony governed directly by the king through an appointed governor. • Proprietary Colony: • Colonies granted to a groups of private owners for development • Charter Colony: • Colonies which the crown granted a charter for the purpose of establishing a government.
Southern Maryland Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina Georgia.
Southern Colonial Society • Divided into three groups: • Rich Plantation Owners • Poor Farmers • Slaves • Wealthy, upper class is superior to the lower, poorer class. • Male members of class should hold all power & authority.
Education • Public Education did not exist in the Southern Colonies. • Wealthy owners had their children tutored or sent to Europe. • Poorer colonists were educated at home.
Southern Colonial Economy • STAPLE CROP: crop that is in large demand and provide the bulk of the region’s income. • CASH CROP: one that is grown primarily for sale. • TOBACCO , RICE & INDIGIO
Southern Colonial Economy • Atlantic Slave Trade: SLAVERY • Triangular Trade: • Three-way trading process • Rum from New England to Africa • Slaves from Africa to the West Indies • Slave, Sugar from West Indies to New England
Middle Passage • Voyage that brought slaves from Africa to the West Indies. • Cruelty • Sickness • Death • Suicide
Results of Plantation System • No need for mass transportation system . • Large plantations were built near river systems. • Having DIRECT access to these major shipping lanes….the South DID NOT develop major centers of commerce.
Results of Plantation System • African Slaves: • Families were torn apart • Rights were denied • Some owners were brutal • Cultures mix: • Song, Dance, Story telling, painting all thrived within the Slave Communities.
New England • Massachusetts • New Hampshire • Rhode Island • Connecticut
Pilgrims & Plymouth Colony • Separatist: group that broke from the Church of England • 1620: established the Plymouth Colony • Puritan group • Family groups came to North America to escape religious persecution. • Celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.
Puritans Create “New England” • Puritans: • Family Groups who were church members who wanted to purify the Church of England. • Build a community based on biblical teachings. • Religious Dissent: • Disagreement with religious authority
Massachusetts Bay Colony • Founded after Plymouth Colony • First Governor was John Winthrop • Capital city was BOSTON • Right to vote for all male church members. • Voted for council and governor
New England Colonies Government • Mayflower Compact: • Created a civil government in Plymouth. • Power of government was from the people. • Town Meetings: • local, tax paying people got together to discuss and vote on issues.
New England Colonial Economy • Relied heavily on the Atlantic Ocean. • Shipbuilding • Trade • Fishing
Mercantilism • Main reason why England establishes the colonies in N. America. • Theory that countries grew wealthier and maintained their national security by exporting MORE than they import. • “Favorable balance of trade”
New England Colonies Education • Puritans promoted public education • Everyone should be able to read the Bible. • Generally, only boys attended school. Girls were schooled at home. • Established Harvard and Yale.
Rhode Island • Founded by Roger Williams • Had no rightful claim to native land. • People should be able to practice their religion freely. • WHY was Rhode Island founded? • Williams was going to be arrested & he fled. • Made a deal with Native for land and set up city of PROVIDENCE
ANNE HUTCHINSON • Began teaching Bible studies at her home. • Women were not supposed to teach. • She taught: people don’t need the church or ministers to interpret the Bible. • ANNE was BANISHED!! • She fled to Rhode Island
THOMAS HOOKER • Disagreed with Church • Left Massachusetts • FOUNDED CONNETICUT • Government's power cane only from people • Set limits on power of government.
Massachusetts Lost its Charter • 1684 • Constant political and religious unrest in the colony led the Crown to take over leadership. • Royal Colony in 1691. • The Crown established a NEW legislature: • Abolished requirement that every member be a member of the church.
King Philip’s War: 1675 • Metacom: (KING PHILIP) • Chief of the Wampanoag people. • His people had to obey Puritan laws. • Organized tribes to wipe out colonists in New England. • He was shot in the heart in Rhode Island • Ended the conflict.
Native American & Colonial Expansion • Disputes over land • False treaties