Urban Freight Transport, Logistics and ITS

1. Urban Freight Transport, Logistics and ITS Dr Russell G. Thompson Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering rgthom@unimelb.edu.au

2. Outline Sustainability Intelligent Freight Systems City Logistics Urban consolidation centres e-Commerce (B2C) Product Swaps Container Management Co-opetition Next Generation Urban Freight Infrastructure

3. “We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children” from a Mexican Poster (M.R. Reuter, 2003)

4. Sustainable Cities Freight systems affect the economic prosperity & liveability of cities Prosperity and liveability are related Both are vital for sustainability

5. Urban Freight Problems • Noise • Emissions (Particulates & GHG) • Congestion • Crashes • Vibration • Energy consumption • Visual intrusion ITS can reduce these problems by reducing the amount of truck travel in cities…

6. Intelligence • Analysing - sensing & analysing environment - detecting changes, perceiving problems • Making decisions - acting rationally, choosing options to solve problems • Learning - using experience to make improvements: identifying new problems & decision making

7. Intelligent Freight Systems Those that are: Clever - successful in copy with new situations & solving problems Alert - fast in perceiving & understanding problems & finding answers to challenges

8. ITS key elements • Intelligence • gaining knowledge (data collection & information processing) • Integration • connecting & co-ordinating key elements

9. Urban Freight Is a derived demand Primary drivers are from processes associated with management of inventory such as manufacturing & retailing

10. City Logistics City Logistics is an integrated approach for urban goods distribution based on the systems approach. It promotes innovative schemes that reduce the total cost (including economic, social and environmental) of goods movement within cities OECD, (2003)Delivering the Goods, Challenges for the 21st Century, Paris.

11. City Logistics City Logistics is an integrated approach for urban goods distribution based on the systems approach. It promotes innovative schemes that reduce the total cost (including economic, social and environmental) of goods movement within cities OECD, (2003)Delivering the Goods, Challenges for the 21st Century, Paris.

12. City Logistics is the process for totally optimising the logistics and transport activities by private companies with the support of advanced information systems in urban areas considering the traffic environment, its congestion, safety and energy savings within the framework of a market economy Taniguchi, Thompson & Yamada, 2001

14. City Logistics Schemes Public Logistics Terminals Co-operative Freight Systems Access Regulations Advanced Vehicle Routing & Scheduling Systems (CVRSS) Intelligent Transport Systems are crucial for these schemes to be successfully implemented…

15. Structure of visions for city logistics

16. Institute for City Logistics Est. 1999 Aim: to promote City Logistics esp. modelling, evaluation & data collection Activities • International Conferences 6th Int. Conf. June 2008 in Puerto Vallarta • Workshops • Newsletters • Collaborative Research www.citylogistics.org

17. Multiple UCC Kolher & Groke, 2004

18. 1 UCC with Pick-up Points (Kassel) Kolher & Groke, 2004

19. ITS to support Urban Consolidation Centres & Co-operative Freight Systems Dynamic & integrated Order Processing Vehicle Routing & Scheduling Load Planning Transhipment Track & Trace Eg. Centre for Eco-Friendly Distribution, Lucca, Italy (Di Bugno et al, 5th Int. City Logistics Conference, Crete, 2007)

20. B2C Food Items

22. Single Urban DC

23. Regional DC’s

24. VKT with 1 distribution centre

25. VKT with regional distribution centres

26. Product Swaps Distribute 500kg between each site Vehicle capacity = 2000kg Each site ≥ 1 vehicle Transhipment possible at each site Based on distributing electrical goods between retail shops in Melbourne Concept could be applied to multiple carriers, horizontal collaboration (Fischer et al, 1995)

27. 4 5vehicles no transhipment

28. 4 4vehicles pickups at store w/o vehicle

29. 4 4vehicles with transhipment at stores

30. 4 4vehicles with transhipment at common location

32. ITS for Product Swaps • Determining nodes for swaps • Coordinating arrivals and departures of vehicles • Load planning • Determining nodes that vehicles need to visit

33. Loaded Container (Import) Empty pick-up Marine Terminal & Container Park Local Importer Local Exporter Loaded Container (Export) Empty return Cycle of Container Handling Empty Running

34. Current Container Movements

35. Movements with Triangulation

36. Co-opetition Sharing vehicles, warehouses & distribution centres Increase load factors & decrease dead running All schemes require ITS for successful implementation

37. Collaborative Distribution • Shared storage location(s) • Networks restructured using advanced vehicle routing & scheduling systems • Distribution to outlets by areas & priority • Substantial savings in transport costs (20-30%) • Significant reduction in environmental & social costs

39. Next GenerationUrban Freight Infrastructure Intelligent Freight Systems using ITS • Vehicle routing & scheduling systems • Auction systems (portals) • Information Systems (eg. travel time & reliability) • Track &Trace Systems • Monitoring (eg. AVL) Necessary to support Public Logistics Terminals & Intermodal Freight Terminals

40. Common information platform in Public-Private Partnerships

41. Other Initiatives • In-vehicle systems • Advanced vehicle routing & scheduling • e-Commerce • Auction and matching systems • Compliance monitoring systems

42. Urban Freight Transport, Logistics and ITS Dr Russell G. Thompson Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering rgthom@unimelb.edu.au