The Taiga (Boreal forests)

1. Third Bibliography The Taiga (Boreal forests) +

2. World Map First Bibliography

3. The Animals Red Fox Snowshoe rabbit American Black bear River otters Bibliography 2 Bobcat

4. TheAmerican Black Bear: • live in most of North America. • Their coat is well adapted to the cold weather of winter because of its many layers of shaggy fur. • 75% of the Black Bears diet are made up of plants and other vegetation, while the other 25% are made up of, carcasses, honey, small mammals, fish and insects. Description of animals Bibliography 2

5. The Red Fox : • lives in the woodlands, forests, and open countries. • Have a rusty-red fur, a white-tipped tail and black legs, ears and nose. • Are good hunters for small mammals such as rabbits and hares. Most of the time, the Red fox attacks and eats farm animals like chickens and ducks . Red Fox Bibliography 2

6. The Bobcat : • have sharp teeth and use it to catch their food/prey and hide straight away. They also use it to cut the meat in half. • The Bobcats claws are made for helping themclimb the trees and get their food. Bobcat Bibliography 2

7. The snowshoe rabbit • Is very good at escaping predators for example wolfs, or bobcats and others. • When a predator goes after the snowshoe rabbit it will quickly changes directions. • They are also great swimmers and can jump into water to escape from the predator. snowshoe rabbit Bibliography 2

8. The River otters • Found in North America where the area is rocky and icy ,and the climate is cold rainy, and snowy. • have a coat that is about 2.5 inches thick. • River otters have two different types of fur: they have an outer coat of guard that protects their inner coat . River otters Bibliography 2

9. The plants Black Spruce Paper Birch white Poplar Balsam Fir Eastern Red Cedar Bibliography 2

10. The Paper Birch • Can adapt in varieties of soils, it grow in acid sandy loam, cold temperature and moisture. • has thin bark that when its peeled it separates into sheets that looks almost like paper, • It can grow with pairs or clusters, it can grow to about 60 to 80 feet. Description of plants Seventh Bibliography Fourth bibliography

11. Balsam Fir : • is a tree with a wide base and a narrow top, • it is small to medium sized evergreen tree that can grow up to 40 to 80 feet tall. • Her maximum age is 200 years old. Balsam Fir Bibliography 2

12. The Black Spruce • can grow up to 25 meters tall. • It can survive in weak soil and cold weather because of its layered twigs waxy pine needles and rough bark. • These skills protect the plant from predators and the cold. Black Spruce Bibliography 2

13. The Eastern Red Cedar : • grows in a special type of soil and prefer to live in full sun. • It has the shape of the pyramid and has a very long life. Its wood contains oil that keeps away special insects that like to eat wood(Moths), • this oil is used to make perfumes and medicines. This tree is a slow growing tree, and its fruits provide food to animals like pheasants. Eastern Red Cedar Bibliography 2

14. The White Poplar • grow better in moist places, • their life is very short life but they grow fast. • The wood of the poplar trees is weak and light and this is why it is used to make boxes and crates and it is also used for packing breakable objects.  White Poplar Bibliography 2

15. Until now, our boreal forests had been untouched by human activities; here are some of them: • Cutting trees: Cutting trees, can be very destructive to the taiga, animals will no longer have places to live or food to eat (Herbivore animals). there will be less oxygen, forests maybe removed for making roads or buildings, so if we keep on cutting trees we might lose plants animal that are important. • Hunting : although hunting animals gives us food, it might lead to the extinction of some animals, so we must control the limit of hunting animals before the destruction of all animals in the taiga . Human Activities Sixth Bibliography

16. Large amounts of rain : The plants are thick, grow fast. • Both cold and hot seasons: some of the animals will leave the forest until it is summer and some will hibernate like the American black bears. • Little amount of sunlight reaches through the trees:the plants will not be as green as they should be, they will not have energy to store in it and will not survive. • The soil is very fertile : it has a very good effects on the plants as well on the animals since they will both benefit from it (fruits, green leave , high trees...) Abiotic Factors 8th and 9th Bibliography

17. http://www-pub.naz.edu:9000/~jwitten2/taiga_location_map001.gifhttp://www-pub.naz.edu:9000/~jwitten2/taiga_location_map001.gif • http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/taiga.htm • http://www.mountain.ru/photo/2001/osennie_kraski/img/GORNAYA%20Taiga.JPG • http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/beco100369.jpg • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_major_abiotic_and_biotic_factors_of_the_taiga_biome • http://www.globalrestorationnetwork.org/ecosystems/taiga/ • http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_bepa.pdf • http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/organisms-environment/climatic-factors-rainfall-and-water.php • http://www.ehow.com/facts_5853073_effect-sunlight-animals-plants.html Bibliography By :Reem Addam  & April Palencia