1 / 18

Chain of Infection

Chain of Infection. Infectious agent Reservoir host Portal of exit Route of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host. Chain of Infection. Infection Control. Defense mechanisms Scope of problem Nosocomial infection Handwashing Industrial illness Needlestick injuries.

zola
Download Presentation

Chain of Infection

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chain of Infection • Infectious agent • Reservoir host • Portal of exit • Route of transmission • Portal of entry • Susceptible host

  2. Chain of Infection

  3. Infection Control • Defense mechanisms • Scope of problem • Nosocomial infection • Handwashing • Industrial illness • Needlestick injuries

  4. Infection Control • Regulatory agencies • CDC • OSHA

  5. Asepsis • The state of being free from disease-causing contaminants • Medical asepsis or clean technique • Free of living pathogenic microorganisms • Surgical asepsis or sterile technique • Absence of viable pathogenic organisms

  6. Breaking the Chain • Breaking just one link, stops the infection

  7. Break the Chain • ID source of infecting microorganism • Stop means of transmission • Protect susceptible host • Hand washing • Decontaminate surfaces and equipment • Avoid contact when contagion • Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Follow isolation precautions

  8. Maximize Resistance • Provide good hygiene • Ensure proper nutrition and fluid intake • Decrease stressors that weaken the immune response

  9. Normal Flora • Resident flora: microorganisms that normally inhabit specific sites of the human body • No problem in one area, infection in another • Transient flora: microorganisms that are not normally present • Can cause infection

  10. Normal Flora • Use standard precautions • Hand washing • Removes transient flora • Diminishes resident flora

  11. Standard Precautions • Follow at ALL times • Prevents contact with microbes • Blood • Body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat • Nonintact skin • Mucous membranes

  12. Standard Precautions are • Hand washing • PPE • Patient-care equipment • Environmental control • Linen • Needle disposal

  13. Isolation • Consequences to patient • Transmission-based precautions • Airborne precautions • Droplet precautions • Contact precautions • Neutropenic precautions

  14. Methods toInhibit or Destroy Microbes • Bacteriostatic • Bacteriocidal or germicidal • Antiseptics- kill microorganisms • Disinfectants- kill microorganisms on non-living objects • Sterilization- kills all forms of microbial life

  15. The Risks • Blood-borne pathogens • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatitis D • HIV

  16. Tuberculosis (TB) • Airborne pathogen • Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis • No prevention • Skin test give for detection • Still a problem in the United States • Drug-resistant strains developing

  17. Drug Resistant Organisms • Developed from overuse of antibiotics • Developed from patients who do not complete antibiotic treatment • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

  18. Reporting exposure • Any exposure to blood or body fluids must be reported immediately • Written incident or injury report • Exposure Control Plan

More Related