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Chapter 6

Chapter 6 Ecosystems and Ecosystem Management Basic Characteristics of Ecosystems Sustained life on Earth is a characteristic of ecosystems, not of individual organisms or populations Structure: Living (Ecological Communities) Non-living Processes Cycling of chemical elements

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Ecosystems and Ecosystem Management Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  2. Basic Characteristics of Ecosystems • Sustained life on Earth is a characteristic of ecosystems, not of individual organisms or populations • Structure: • Living (Ecological Communities) • Non-living • Processes • Cycling of chemical elements • Flow of energy • Change (Succession) Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  3. Ecological Communities and Food Chains • Ecological Communities are defined in 2 ways: • 1. A set of interacting species that occur in the same place • Food chains, food webs, trophic levels (autotrophs) • A set of species found in one area Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  4. Food Chains and Food Webs • A Terrestrial Food Chain • 4 trophic levels: • Autotrophs • Herbivores • Carnivores • Decomposers • People are omnivores • An Oceanic Food Chain • The Food Web of the Harp Seal Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  5. Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  6. Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  7. The Community Effect • Species interact directly and indirectly • Community-level interactions • Keystone species • Have large effects on it’s community or ecosystem • Its removal changes the basic nature of the community • Holistic View Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  8. Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  9. Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

  10. Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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