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1. Secular vocal music : classical opera 1.1. Opera seria 1.2. Opera buffa 2. Instrumental music 2.1. The sonata scheme 2.2 . Main instrumental forms 3. Dance in the Classicism 3.1. The true ballet: ballet d’action 3.2. Social dance: minuet. Índice del libro.
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1. Secular vocal music: classical opera 1.1. Opera seria 1.2. Opera buffa 2. Instrumental music 2.1. The sonata scheme 2.2. Main instrumental forms 3. Dance in theClassicism 3.1. The true ballet: ballet d’action 3.2. Social dance: minuet Índice del libro
Secular vocal music: classical opera 1.1. Opera seria Opera underwent a change during the Classicism, common to the rest of musical forms, which made it tend towards naturalness. It eliminated the excesses of the Baroque and took the plots and characters closer to the new bourgeois audience. Opera seria In the opera seria, the initiator of this reformation was the German composer Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787), with the work Orpheus and Eurydice. He used simpler music and more plausible storylines.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791). Secular vocal music: classical opera 1.2. Opera buffa • It became the favorite opera genre of the Classicism. • Spoken dialogs and normal characters. • The main composer was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) with The Marriage of Figaro, written in Italian, and The Magic Flute, written in German and, therefore, example of singspiel.
Instrumental music Theintroduction of new instruments like the piano and the clarinet, new and more varied chamber arrangements and the evolution of the orchestra helped in the progress of instrumental music.
Coda Instrumental music 2.1. The sonata scheme Instrumental music used the three-part scheme of the sonata as a composition model, made up of: - Exposition: presentation of two themes in different keys. - Development: elaboration of the main material by modulating to other keys. - Recapitulation: return to exposition with both themes in the main key.
Beethoven (1770-1827) Instrumental music 2.2. Main instrumental forms The structure of the sonata was applied to the first movements of the main instrumental forms: Chamber music (for trio, quartet, etc.) Symphony (for orchestra) Concerto (for soloist and orchestra) Sonata (for one or two soloists) The most important instrumental music composers were: Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Dance in the Classicism 3.1. The true balle: ballet d’action Modern ballet appeared, as the conjunction of music, choreography and stage, together in order to express a dramatic idea. This new conception of ballet brought other significant changes: • The importance of a storyline. • The composition of music was at the service of the scene, especially writtenfordancing. • The use of the dance troupe as a backdrop. • A new dancing technique in which gestures and facial expressions became more important. • The clothes were adapted to the represented scene and period.
Dance in the Classicism 3.2. Social dance: minuet Aristocracy’s favorite social dance was the minuet, which was also introduced as a regular movement in instrumental forms. The minuet was the main dance of aristocratic society in the 18th century.
