GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING OF CHEMICALS (GHS)

1. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING OF CHEMICALS (GHS) David Wallace, CIH Utah ASSE January 14, 2010 1

2. Outline • GHS overview • OSHA’s GHS activity • Proposed changes to the Hazard Communication Standard • Effect on Safety professionals

3. Introduction • In 1985, one of my jobs as a “young” Safety Professional was helping my employer comply with OSHA’s new Hazard Communication standard, 1910.1200. • Now, it looks like we will need to do it again!

4. GHS Overview • “Globally Harmonized System Of Classification And Labeling Of Chemicals” • United Nations guidance for a uniform (harmonized) hazard communication system • Based on ”major” existing systems • USA and Canadian systems for the workplace, workplace, consumers and pesticides • European Union directives for classification and labeling of substances and preparations • United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

5. GHS Overview • Elements • Harmonized criteria forclassifying substances and mixtures according to their health, environmental and physical hazards • Harmonized hazard communication elements, including requirements for labeling and safety data sheets. 5

6. GHS Overview • Justification • Label requirements differ, requiring multiple labels for the same product • Hazard definitions are not consistent • Toxicity, Flammability • Globally over 100 diverse hazard communication regulations for their products globally • Regulatory compliance is complex and costly • Barrier to international trade in chemicals

7. Flammability example

8. GHS Overview • Key Guiding Principles of the Harmonization Process • Protection will not be reduced • Will be based on intrinsic properties (hazards) of chemicals • All types of chemicals will be covered • All systems will have to be changed • Involvement of all stakeholders should be ensured • Comprehensibility must be addressed

9. GHS Hazard Classification • Defined criteria are used to assign a hazard classification • Physical Hazards • 16 categories • Health Hazards • 10 categories • Environmental Hazards • Mixtures • GHS classification guidance for when chemicals are mixed

10. Physical Hazards Explosives Flammable Gases Flammable Aerosols Oxidizing Gases Gases Under Pressure Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids Self-Reactive Substances Pyrophoric Liquids Pyrophoric Solids Self-Heating Substances Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Oxidizing Liquids Oxidizing Solids Organic Peroxides Corrosive to Metals GHS Hazard Classification

11. Health Hazards Acute Toxicity Skin Corrosion/Irritation Serous Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Respiratory or Skin Sensitization Germ Cell Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Reproductive Toxicology Target Organ Systemic Toxicity – Single Exposure Target Organ Systemic Toxicity – Repeated Exposure Aspiration Toxicity GHS Hazard Classification

12. GHS Hazard Classification • Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment • Acute aquatic toxicity • Chronic aquatic toxicity • Bioaccumulation potential • Rapid degradability

13. GHS Hazard Communication • Labels • Symbols (hazard pictograms) • Examples: • Signal Words • “Danger” or “Warning” • Hazard Statements • Example: “Toxic if swallowed” • Other • Precautions, identification, supplier, supplemental

14. GHS label example

15. GHS Hazard Communication • GHS Safety Data Sheet (SDS) • 16 headings • Similar to ISO, EU, and ANSI MSDS/SDS requirements

16. OSHA MSDS Format (old) • OSHA-174 (1989), 8 sections (non-mandatory) • Manufacturer information • Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information • Physical/chemical properties • Fire and Explosion Hazard Data • Reactivity Data • Health Hazard Data • Precautions for Safe Handling and Use • Control Measures 16

17. ANSI Z400.1-2004 Product and Company Identification Hazard Identification Composition / Information On Ingredients First Aid Measures Fire Fighting Measures Accidental Release Measures Handling and Storage Exposure Control / Personal Protection Physical and Chemical Properties Stability and Reactivity Toxicological Information Ecological Information Disposal Considerations Transport Information Regulatory Information Other Information ANSI MSDS Format 17

18. OSHA and the GHS • Rulemaking Steps • ANPR- Sept. 12, 2006 • Notice of Proposed Rulemaking – Sept. 30, 2009 • Public Comment Period – ended Dec. 29. 2009 • Public Hearing – (Notice published Dec. 29, 2009) • March and April, 2010 for Washington, Pittsburgh and Los Angeles • Post-hearing Comment Period • Final Standard • Phase-in Period for Compliance

19. Proposed OSHA Rule • Major changes to the Hazard Communication Standards • Changed “hazard determination” to “hazard classification” • Changed “MSDS” to “SDS” • Changed definitions to comply with GHS • Labels for shipped containers required to have GHS information • Workplace labels may be GHS labels, or other labels that identify the material and hazard • Safety Data Sheets with 16-sections • May include guidance for transportation information and environmental hazards

20. Proposed OSHA Rule • Major changes to the Hazard Communication Standards (cont.) • Other OSHA standards are changed where applicable • New wording on warning signs for asbestos and other health hazards • Changes to standards for HAZWOPER, Combustible and Flammable Liquids, Welding Cutting and Brazing, etc.

21. Proposed OSHA Rule • Effective dates • Two years after final rule • Employee training on new labels and safety data sheets • Three years after final rule • Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, and employers in compliance with all modified provisions

22. Proposed OSHA Rule • Costs and benefits • $97 million annual cost • training, SDSs & labels, management • $851 million annual benefit • reduced injuries/illnesses/fatalities, improved productivity and cost reduction • $754 million net annual benefit

23. OSHA interpretation • GHS labels comply with current OSHA requirements • Standard Interpretations 10/06/2009 - Using the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) to Comply with OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard • http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=27218

24. Comments on the proposed rule • OSHA specifically solicited comments about: • Costs and benefits • Effect on “small entities” • GHS classification system • Combustible dusts and Simple asphyxiants • Color labels vs. B&W • PELs on data sheets • Etc. • 475 items in the docket (12/29/09)

25. “ASSE applauds OSHA for its leadership in undertaking this rulemaking and urges that every possible step be taken to achieve a final rule as soon as practicable.” However, ASSE has some concerns: OSHA should include “control banding” OSHA underestimated the impact on small business Some hazard classifications should be modified OSHA should require red borders on labels Labels should have more required information Exposure limits should be listed on data sheets The new standard should have a shorter deadline for training There may be a shortage of SH&E professional on staff Etc. ASSE’s Comment

26. Online news magazine features GHS • “As the United States creeps closer to adopting the Globally Harmonized Hazard Communication System (GHS), companies must be prepared to comply with the new provisions.” • http://ehstoday.com/fire_emergencyresponse/hazardous-materials/ghs-power-one/

27. Effect on Safety Professionals • Become familiar with the new system • Collect new SDSs as provided by suppliers and incorporate them into the existing MSDS system (or use commercial service) • New GHS labels for “shipped containers” • Employers can use other systems for workplace labeling • Train employees on new labels and SDS

28. Resources • GHS Websites • OSHA, http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/global.html • EPA, http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/international/globalharmon.htm • DOT http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/regs/international • CSPC, http://www.cpsc.gov/phth/GHSpolicy.html • UN, http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev02/02files_e.html • Government Printing Office • http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ • OSHA comments • Docket No. OSHA-H022K- 2006-0062 at http://www.regulations.gov