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Postwar Korea

Postwar Korea. Outline. Overview Japanese rule (1910 - 1945) Korean War (1950 - 1953) Republic of Korea Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Inter-Korean relations. Japanese rule (1910-1945). Control educational system Japanese language and culture Control land (40% of entire country)

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Postwar Korea

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  1. Postwar Korea

  2. Outline • Overview • Japanese rule (1910 - 1945) • Korean War (1950 - 1953) • Republic of Korea • Democratic People’s Republic of Korea • Inter-Korean relations

  3. Japanese rule (1910-1945) • Control educational system • Japanese language and culture • Control land (40% of entire country) • Infrastructure • railroads and telegraph lines • Industrialization • Provisional Government-in-exile (1919)

  4. 38th Parallel (1945-50) • Soviet & U.S. divided Korea along 38th parallel after Japan surrendered in 1945 • 1948-08-15, Republic of Korea was established (43% area, 60% population) • President: Rhee Syngman • 1948-09-09, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was established • Premier: Kim Il-Sung

  5. Dulles, Rhee, & MacArthur • nationalist goals vs. Cold War strategies

  6. Korean War (1950 - 1953) • Most fighting happened 1950 - 1951 • truce negotiations 1951 - 1953 • Military Demarcation Line (MDL) (1953 - )

  7. Mutual Defense Treaty • 1953 ROK-US Mutual Defense Treaty • "the right to dispose United States ... forces in and about the territory of the Republic of Korea as determined by mutual agreement.” • US authorities may request that Korean authorities transfer jurisdiction over crimes that fall under Korean jurisdiction. The Korean judiciary must consent.

  8. Republic of Korea • President Rhee Syngman (1948 - 1960) • autocrat resigned amid popular protests • 1961 military coup by Park Chung-Hee • relations with Japan normalized in 1965 • economic takeoff • assassinated in 1979

  9. ROK Economic Takeoff • Park’s authoritarian rule (1961-79) • annual economic growth rate of 9.2% • one of the four Asian “little dragons” year per capita GDP (US$) export (US$) ----------------------------------------------------------- 1962 87 56.7 million 1980 1,503 17,500.0 million 2008 19,522 433,500.0 million

  10. Democratization in ROK • Army General Chun (1980 - 1987) • 1980, Kwangju massacre • 1987, Declaration of Political Reforms • 1988 election, opposition parties won majority in National Assembly • Kim Young Sam won presidential election in 1992 (1st elected civilian president)

  11. Current President • 1997 presidential election: Kim Dae-Jung • 1st peaceful, democratic transition of power • Asian financial crises of 1997-8 • IMF branch in Seoul (1998-2003) • corruption scandals involved President Kim’s relatives and friends • 2012 presidential election • Lee Myung-Bak will be replaced by Park Geun-hye (Park Chung-Hee’s daughter)

  12. North Korea • Democratic People’s Republic of Korea • area slightly smaller than Mississippi • population 23 million • Capital: Pyongyang • Ruling party: Worker’s Party of Korea

  13. The Kim political dynasty • Kim Jong-Il succeeded his father, Kim Il-Sung, as the supreme leader in 1994. • Kim Jong-Un succeeded his father, Kim Jong-Il, as the supreme leader in 2011.

  14. Inter-Korean Relations • 1972 Joint-Communiqué • President Kim Dae-Jung’s “Sunshine Policy” (engagement) since 1997 • Kim visited Pyongyang in 2000 and won Nobel Peace Prize • 2nd summit in 2007 between Roh and Kim

  15. Inter-Korean Relations • Inter-Korean Ministerial Talks since 2000 • 19th in Seoul in July 12, 2006 • South-North Economic Cooperation Promotion Committee • 9th meeting in Pyongyang June 2-5, 2004 • Inter-Korean Red Cross talks • 16 exchange visits by separated families • Interruption by nuclear tests, etc.

  16. Inter-Korean Relations • railway and road reconnection • North Korea tourism

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