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Video-Mediated Communication

Video-Mediated Communication. Michael Nunes CPSC 781 September 21, 2005. Primary Sources / Readings. Papers in K. Finn, A. Sellen and S. Wilbur (Eds) Video-Mediated Communications. LEA Press. 1997 Whittaker, S. and O'Conaill, B. The Role of Vision in Face-to-Face and Mediated Communication.

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Video-Mediated Communication

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  1. Video-Mediated Communication Michael Nunes CPSC 781 September 21, 2005

  2. Primary Sources / Readings Papers in K. Finn, A. Sellen and S. Wilbur (Eds) Video-Mediated Communications. LEA Press. 1997 • Whittaker, S. and O'Conaill, B. The Role of Vision in Face-to-Face and Mediated Communication. • Angiolillo, J., Blanchard, H., Israelski, E. and Mane, A. Technology Constraints of Video-Mediated Communication. • (optional) Isaacs, E. and Tang, J. Studying Video-Based Collaboration in Context: From Small Workgroups to Large Organizations. 4. (optional) Fish, R., Kraut, R. and Chalfonte, B. The VideoWindow System in Informal Communications. Proc. ACM CSCW'90. 1-11. 1990

  3. Types of VMC Services • Video Telephone • Desktop Video Conferencing • Group Systems • Media Spaces and Special Purpose Systems Desktop video chat: Macromedia iPower Technologies Video Phone

  4. Role of Vision In Communication Role of vision in communication: Why use visual information to facilitate communication?

  5. Classes of Visual Information • Participant Behavior • Gaze • Gesture • Facial Expression • Posture • Visible Environment • Objects and Events in the collaborative environment • Availability

  6. Communication Framework • Process Coordination • Turn-taking cues • Availability cues • Content Coordination • Reference • Feedback cues • Interpersonal cues

  7. Hypotheses • Nonverbal Communication • Availability Information • Visible Environment (Video as Data)

  8. Hypothesis #1 • Nonverbal Communication • Cognitive cues for shared understanding • Cues to support turn-taking • Social cues and emotional information

  9. Hypotheses • Nonverbal Communication • Availability Information • Visible Environment (Video as Data)

  10. Hypothesis #2 • Availability Information • Facilitation of unplanned communication • Glance • Ex. Montage System • Open Link • Ex. VideoWindow System

  11. Hypotheses • Nonverbal Communication • Availability Information • Visible Environment (Video as Data)

  12. Hypothesis #3 • Visible Environment (Video as Data) • Information about shared work objects • Successful example: remote surgery • May also be useful for other design tasks

  13. Technological Issues and Constraints

  14. Life Cycle of a Video Call • Set a call • Capture sights and sounds of participants • Process the image • Transmission • Display

  15. Set A Call • Basic operation • Can be a barrier to participants willingness to use system • Spontaneity • System complexity

  16. Capture • Physical environment • Camera • Camera control • Hands-free communication

  17. Process the Image • Transmitting sound and image is expensive! • 90,000,000 bps to deliver t.v. quality • Compression and codecs • Video standards and interoperability • Audio delay and lip sync • Video messaging

  18. Transmission • Choice of transmission lines • Analog or digital • Wire or wireless • Private or public switched • Bandwidth is an issue for all

  19. Display • Display size • Image attributes • Local Views • Eye contact/gaze awareness • Sound quality • Multipoint VMC

  20. Other Problems • Technology limitations may eventually be overcome • Adoption of new video communication technology can not be done by a single user • Needs to be widespread to be useful

  21. The End! “Eating one battery” Questions and Discussion? Fig. 1 “Eating five batteries” Fig. 2

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