1 / 77

Bruk av kunnskap for å bedre helsetjenesten – muligheter og utfordringer

Bruk av kunnskap for å bedre helsetjenesten – muligheter og utfordringer. Løp 4: Kunnskapsbasert praksis – ”... og bedre skal det bli”-konferansen Sesjon 4. Onsdag 31. oktober 2007. Sesjon 4: Bruk av kunnskap for å bedre helsetjenesten. Using evidence to improve health care –

Faraday
Download Presentation

Bruk av kunnskap for å bedre helsetjenesten – muligheter og utfordringer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Bruk av kunnskap for å bedre helsetjenesten –muligheter og utfordringer Løp 4: Kunnskapsbasert praksis – ”... og bedre skal det bli”-konferansen Sesjon 4. Onsdag 31. oktober 2007

  2. Sesjon 4: Bruk av kunnskap for å bedre helsetjenesten Using evidence to improve health care – Opportunities and Challenges John-Arne Røttingen, M.D. Director, Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services Paul B. Batalden, M.D. Director of Health Care Improvement Leadership Development Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire Presentation title

  3. Using evidence to improve health care – Opportunities and ChallengesWorking titles:Connecting the science of improvement to medical researchConnecting the science of improvement to the practice of evidence based medicine Connecting the practice of improvement with best evidence from quality improvement research John-Arne Røttingen, direktør

  4. Evidence based practice (EBP) Using evidence to improve health care

  5. Improvement science – quality improvement (QI) Using evidence to improve health care

  6. EBP and QI – competing or complementary paradigms Using evidence to improve health care

  7. Case stories (1) • Dr. William S. Halsted, Johns Hopkins • 1895: Radical mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer • Was implemented • Dr. Bernard Fisher, University of Pittsburgh and others • 1980s: Conservative surgery ++, just as good • Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis, Allgemeine Krankenhaus, Vienna • 1847: hand washing to prevent puerperal fever • Was not implemented • 1880s: the germ theory .... • Never clinically evaluated Based on Dr Don Berwick, Institute of Healthcare Improvement Is Improvement “Science”? Annual Lecture Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, 26.9.2007 Using evidence to improve health care

  8. Case stories (2) • Dr. Ken Hillman, University of New South Wales • 1990s: Rapid response teams (RRT) – emergency care • Evaluated by time series analyses • Implemented widely, e.g. 100K campaign • 2005, Lancet: MERIT-study, cluster randomized study, no effect • Dr. P. Pronovost, Johns Hopkins • 2006, JAMA: RRT should not care standard • Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services • 2007: RRT are not documented effective • But RRT have not been documented ineffective..... • Are type II errors more important to avoid than type I errors when assessing patient safety or quality improvement interventions? Based on Dr Don Berwick, Institute of Healthcare Improvement Is Improvement “Science”? Annual Lecture Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, 26.9.2007 Using evidence to improve health care

  9. Research OR quality improvement • A false dichotomy • It is not EITHER ... OR, it’s AND • Research informs quality improvement • Quality improvement informs research • Today: • How should research inform quality improvement? • What kind of research do we need? Using evidence to improve health care

  10. Model with case storyDr. Paul Batalden M.D.

  11. The way we use scientific evidence in the care of individual patients.

  12. When we want to use evidence to improve a patient’s situation… Generalizable Scientific Knowledge Particular Patient Measurable Improvement +

  13. Can we can use that same thinking about improving the care for a population of patients?

  14. If we want to use evidence to improve the usual care for a population of patients… Generalizable Scientific Evidence Measurable Performance Improvement Particular Context +

  15. If we want to use evidence to improve the usual care for a population of patients… Generalizable Scientific Evidence Measurable Performance Improvement Particular Context +

  16. Process? System failures? Habits? Traditions? Population? Professionals? Setting? Successful changes? Hot buttons? Frustrations? Social supports? Building knowledge of the particular context, setting, population

  17. All patients admitted to DHMC with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia from July 1 to September 30, 2003 59 patients identified 11 excluded 6 charts not available 2 pediatric cases 3 no initial diagnosis of CAP Population – Who are our Community Acquired Pneumonia patients?

  18. Patient Age: Average: 70 years (range 26-100 years) Length of Stay: Average length of stay: 8 days (range 1-45 days) Population – Who are our CAP patients?

  19. Population – Where are CAP patients coming from? Emergency Department 63% Outpatient Clinics 15% Transfers From Outside Hospitals 22% DHMC Inpatient Ward

  20. General internal medicine (GIM) 51% Hematology/Oncology 17% Cardiology 10% Pulmonary 10% Family practice 7% Nephrology 3% Rheumatology 2% Total 100% ICU/CCU admissions:10.4% Professionals – Who takes care of CAP patients?

  21. Patterns – How do we take care of our CAP patients? Emergency Department 3.5 hours – 67% within 4 hours GIM Clinic 9.5 hours – 0% Transfers From Outside Hospitals 10.4 hours – 0% Average time from patient arrival to first antibiotic therapy Percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 4 hours

  22. An Illustrative Patient Admission • 2:00 PM The patient arrives for her scheduled appointment. The provider performs a physical exam and orders lab tests and a chest x-ray. • 2:45 PM The patient reports to the outpatient lab • 3 - 4:00 PM The patient goes to the outpatient radiology department where she receives a chest x-ray • 4:00 PM The provider reviews the labs and the CXR. A diagnosis of pneumonia is made • 5:00 PM Admitting, the admitting attending and the resident team are called and notified of the admission • 6:30 PM The patient arrives to her inpatient room on One East • 7:05 PM The admitting team writes admission orders for the patient • 10:15 PM Azithromycin 500 mg IV is administered • 12:00 AM Ceftriaxone 1 gram IV is administered

  23. Habits? Time had not been an important consideration in treatment for CAP Traditions? Defer treatment decisions to the admitting residents for “teaching” purposes Inpatient treatments were not usually given in the outpatient clinic Building knowledge of the CAP context, setting, population

  24. Frustrations? Significant delays in admitting patients from the ED and clinic were occurring due to a lack of inpatient bed openings Loss of information and lapses in treatment were occurring during patient “handoffs” and transfers of care Multiple admissions to an on-call team created delays in the admission process Building knowledge of the CAP context, setting, population

  25. System Failures? Antibiotics ordered as QD were given the morning after admission Not ordered as first dose now Antibiotic change from a q8 to q24 medication resulted in inappropriate administration Multiple doses of q24 antibiotics – in ED and on the floor within several hours Building knowledge of the CAP context, setting, population

  26. If we want to use evidence to improve the usual care for a population of patients… Generalizable Scientific Evidence Measurable Performance Improvement Particular Context +

  27. A clear question? About the evidence: Control for context? Design tests for generalizability? Careful search for biases? Statistical analysis to guide inferences? Peer review prior to publication? Stored in accessible format(s)? Building generalizable scientific knowledge

  28. Guidelines exist on “Ideal” Treatment for CAP (Medical Specialty, Government Quality Agency) Diagnostic Tests (Blood Cultures, Sputum GS) Appropriate Antibiotics Timely Antibiotic Treatment Prevention Immunizations Smoking Cessation Advice What is ideal care for CAP patients?

  29. Timing of antibiotics matters Patients who received antibiotics within 4 hours had an adjusted OR for mortality of 0.83 (0.72-0.96) The mean length of stay was also 0.4 days shorter Houck PM, Bratzler DW. Timing of antibiotic administration and outcomes for Medicare patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004; 164:637-644. Building generalizable scientific knowledge about CAP

  30. Choice of antibiotics matters Patients who receive an antibiotic regimen consistent with IDSA guidelines had a 26-36% reduction in 30 day mortality rates Gleason, PP, Meehan TP. Associations between initial antibiotic therapy and medical outcomes for hospitalized elderly patients with pneumonia. Arch Int Med. 1999; 159:2562-2572. Building generalizable scientific knowledge about CAP

  31. Vaccinations are effective Influenza vaccination has an efficacy of 53% for preventing pneumonia, 50% for preventing hospitalization, and 68% for preventing death Gross PA, Hermogenes AW. The efficacy of the influenza vaccine in elderly patients: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Ann Int Med 1995; 123:518-27 Pneumococcal vaccination is estimated to have a 47% efficacy for the prevention of pneumococcal bacteremia Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, et al. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1453–60. Building generalizable scientific knowledge about CAP

  32. If we want to use evidence to improve the usual care for a population of patients… Generalizable Scientific Evidence Measurable Performance Improvement Particular Context +

  33. Variation over time? Graphical displays? Balanced measures of outcome-Biology, Function, Satisfaction, Cost? Concurrent, real-time measurement? Measurement error control—operational definitions? Measurement design fidelity? Measuring performance improvements

  34. Percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within four hours of arrival to DHMC Percentage of patients receiving appropriate antibiotics Percentage of patients receiving blood cultures prior to antibiotics Process and Outcome Measures of Quality for CAP

  35. Percentage of patients receiving oxygenation assessment on admission Percentage of eligible patients receiving a pneumococcal and influenza vaccination Percentage of eligible patients receiving smoking cessation advice or counseling Length of stay Mortality rate/Discharge disposition Process and Outcome Measures of Quality for CAP

  36. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Performance Measures

  37. Community Acquired Pneumonia Outcome Measures

  38. www.dhmc.org

  39. If we want to use evidence to improve the usual care for a population of patients… Generalizable Scientific Evidence Measurable Performance Improvement Particular Context +

  40. Standardization? Prompting strategies? Algorithms? Academic detailing? Resequencing work steps? Relationship work? Conflict management / negotiation strategies? Automation? Eliminate steps? Combine/couple steps? Change process ownership? Other? Getting the plan right for connecting generalizable scientific knowledge to particular context • Clarify aim(s) • Identify alternatives: 3. Select the best fit

  41. Getting the plan right for connecting generalizable scientific knowledge to particular context Aim • Get correct treatment reliably started in less than four hours after arrival. • Prevent unnecessary pneumonia (CAP) by improving immunization and smoking cessation care.

  42. Start treatment where the patient is when diagnosis is made Develop standard admission orders and antibiotic guidelines Create documents that facilitate communication between outpatient and inpatient providers Include prompts for necessary vaccinations and smoking cessation in the admission orders Provide individualized feedback to providers about the care that they provide to pneumonia patients Alternatives for improving the care for pneumonia (CAP) patients

  43. If we want to use evidence to improve the usual care for a population of patients… Generalizable Scientific Evidence Measurable Performance Improvement Particular Context +

  44. Local and non-local strategies of importance? “Ways” things get done? What matters to people who work here, how, why? Leadership of change history? Ways leaders manifest their support? Sustaining / embedding strategies? “Unlearning” needed? Supports for same? Relation of measurement to operations? Change ownership? Clinical policy ownership? Log of change process? “Making it happen”

  45. “Ways” things get done? Needed input and support from Emergency Department, General Internal Medicine Clinic, One East, Infectious Disease, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Residents Needed approval of various committees for standard order forms Needed support of administration National and local priority Knowledge of “how to make it happen” at DHMC

  46. What matters to people who work here, how, why? Infectious Disease very concerned about possible misuse of standard orders have been frustrated in the past by the lack of diagnostic testing are primarily concerned with relatively rare causes of pneumonia Knowledge of “how to make it happen” at DHMC

  47. What matters to people who work here, how, why? Emergency Department Looking for ways to determine the appropriate antibiotics for CAP patients Have not traditionally used written orders Knowledge of “how to make it happen” at DHMC

  48. What matters to people who work here, how, why? General Internal Medicine Concerned about keeping up with busy schedules while treating patients who need to be admitted Increasing problem of patients waiting in the clinic for an inpatient bed Knowledge of “how to make it happen” at DHMC

  49. Was there any measurable improvement?

More Related