history of pe sport and society

1. History of PE (Sport and Society) Pre Industrial Britain, The Era of Popular Recreation.

3. Popular Recreation – Pre Industrial Britain Not much information about the nature of sport and recreation before medieval times. 1086 -1400 – Medieval time 1400 – 1750 - Middle ages. 1750 – 1836 - Industrialisation 1837 – 1901 - Victorian 1901 – 1910 - Edwardian. 1911 – present day - Modern Britain. We can pick up the development of sport during middle ages where we find the roots of many of our modern sports, which were played by the peasants in their villages. Task One - Do you know the 9 characteristics of popular recreation?

5. S – Simple rules C – Courtly/popular O - Occupational W - Wagering L - Local C – Cruel/violent O – Occasional R – Rural N – Natural/simple

6. The activities undertaken by most of the population up until the late 19th century were influenced by social and cultural factors: Task Two Why were there only a few very simple rules for the sports of this time? Illiterate peasant population. Why did sport only take part locally? Limited travel and communications. Why did people take part in violent/cruel sports? Was a reflection of society at the time. Why did the peasants have limited leisure time? Long working week so recreations played on Festivals and Holy Days.

7. Classifying popular recreation activities Popular recreation can be classified into different categories. Individual Activities Games Activities Sports Festivals You need to be aware 6 sports within these categories.

8. Bathing/Swimming Towns built on Rivers – WHY? Supply of goods by boat Survival Natural playground, Recreation/Health Mode of transport, Survival Place to wash Health As important to learn to swim as it was to run!! Aristocracy believed bathing was part of there CHIVALRIC CODE. Sometimes sponsor lower classes swimmers who may later become swimming masters Riverside land was ideal for sports and pastimes – WHY? Flat land, No crops (fear of flooding and wiping them out) No trees, Frozen rivers may provide opportunities for frost fairs

9. Rowing Functional activity vital for fishing, warfare, travel and commerce. Ferrymen – Huge demand when bridges were few are far between. Most famous rowing race of pre industrial Britain was? Doggett Coat and Badge Race. Task Three How does rowing fit into our characteristics of popular recreation? Rowing was probably the best example of an occupation that became a recreation.

10. Development of Sports Festivals - Athletics Very occasional – wakes, annual religious occasions. A range of different events such as wrestling, gurning, shin kicking, grinning contests and whistling matches. Cotswold Olympick Games,Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire.

11. Development of Sports Festivals - Athletics The Much Wenlock Games – emerged from a rural sports festival. Dr Penny Brookes added more refined forms of athletics from 1850. Pedestrianism – Forerunner to athletics. Task Four How does Athletics fit the model of Popular Recreation? Task Five Interpret what you see in the picture relating it to what you know about popular recreation?

12. Football Task Six Identify 5 characteristics of mob football and explain how each characteristic was a reflection of Pre-industrial society? (5 Marks) Localised – Communications, free time, income limited. Limited rules – Low literacy, minimal communication Violent – Harsh society, Festival – Held on Religious days, Lower Class – Two class society, Rural – Most lived in villages/small towns, Occasional – Limited time, Wagering – Desire to go from ‘rags to riches’ As a rowdy, violent, locally coded, occasional encounter between neighbouring villages, mob football is without doubt the best example of a popular recreation.

14. Real Tennis Real or Royal Tennis originated in France and became popular in Britain from as early as the 14th Century. Various other types of ‘Tennis’ copied by the lower class. Racquets – “Rags to Riches” Fleet Street Prison Public Schools/Universities

17. Cricket – 3 Key Elements 1. Bat and Ball Inn – Hambledon. Game was encouraged and developed from 1750’s outside the Inn on Broadhalfpenny Down. Marylebone Cricket Club – MCC Gentlemen who formalised the game in 1744 formed the MCC in 1788. MCC became the main club in England. Hambledon CC declined as MCC employed their players as coaches! The William Clarke XI – Localised sport to national success. The patronage by the gentry declined and cricketers went off to university and public schools while others joined touring sides like William Clarke XI from 1840’s onwards.

18. Task Seven

19. S – Simple Rules C – Cruel/Violent O – Occasional W – Wagering L – Local C – Courtly/Popular O – Occupational R – Rural N – Natural

20. Exam Questions Name one sport that has developed about of a functional need? (1 mark) Name 6 characteristics of popular recreation? (6 marks) Why was bathing popular in the 1800’s? (3 marks) Why was Real Tennis such an exclusive sport in pre-industrial Britain? (4 marks) What games, based on the courtly game of real tennis, were adapted by the lower classes? (3 marks) What do the following words mean? (3 marks) Courtly Spartan Patron To what extent did swimming show the characteristics of popular recreation? (3 marks)