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Insect Mouthparts

Insect Mouthparts. Mouthparts. Another prominent feature of the head Adults that don’t feed Vestigial – highly reduced Absent – not there Shape and morphology related to the food it consumes. Types of Mouthparts. Chewing Ex. Grasshopper or mantis Piercing-sucking

JasminFlorian
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Insect Mouthparts

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  1. Insect Mouthparts

  2. Mouthparts • Another prominent feature of the head • Adults that don’t feed • Vestigial – highly reduced • Absent – not there • Shape and morphology related to the food it consumes

  3. Types of Mouthparts • Chewing • Ex. Grasshopper or mantis • Piercing-sucking • Ex. Mosquito or assassin bug • Sponging • Ex. House fly • Siphoning • Ex. Flea • Chewing-lapping • Ex. Honey bee

  4. Chewing Mouthparts • Clypus – immovable; above the labrum • Labrum – “upper-lip”; can be bent • Mandibles – paired; responsible for tearing or biting food and then grinding or chewing it so insect can ingest; darkest portion is the hardest

  5. Chewing mouthparts • Maxilla – below mandible; projection near base called maxillary palpi which helps move food into the mouth; • Labium – “lower-lip” • Labial palpi –similar function to maxillary palpi; project from base of labium • Hypopharynx – “tongue”; on upper surface of labium

  6. Piercing-sucking mouthparts • Why? • Liquid diet • Type of liquid diets? • Nectar • Plant juices • Blood • Mouthparts as a whole called beak

  7. Piercing-sucking mouthparts • Same general mouthparts as chewing, but shaped differently • Mandibles and maxillae are shaped into long, slender stylets • The stylets are housed within a protective sheath made from the labium

  8. Piercing-sucking mouthparts • One or more channels • Suck in food • Salivary channel for secretions • Types of secretions • Antistetics • Anticoagluants • Toxins • Enzymes (break down food)

  9. Sponging Mouthparts • Why? • Non-invasive sucking of liquids • Types of meals? • Exposed food or liquid • Blood • Common among flies

  10. Sponging Mouthparts • The proboscis is a modified labium • The end of the proboscis are the modified labella • The labella are fleshy lobes with transverse grooves that use capillary action to draw food up to the mouth

  11. Variations of sponging mouthparts • Horse fly – have blade-like part that slices skin. Blood pools and sponging mouthparts sponge the blood up. • Tsetse fly – have teeth on labella that cut the skin then they suck up the blood

  12. Siphoning mouthparts • Why? • Get liquid meals from deep within flowers • Types of food? • Nectar • Water • Salt and minerals in liquid • Butterflies and moths

  13. Siphoning mouthparts • Coiled tongue is modified maxillae • Labial palpi are located between head and proboscis • Other mouthparts are either too small to see or have been lost evolutionarily • Proboscis works like a straw

  14. Chewing Lapping mouthparts • Insects that lap up liquids, but still have intact mandibles • Uses mandibles to perform other tasks • Ex. Honeybee will use mandibles to form wax into combs

  15. Other mouthparts • Antlion larvae have huge toothed mandibles that grab ants as they fall into their sand traps • Dragonfly larvae (naiads) labiums have become a long, flat hinged structure that shoots out and impales or hooks the prey Antlion larvae Dragonfly larvae

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