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James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates

JWST-PRES-012898. James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates. John C. Mather JWST Senior Project Scientist NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. JWST and related space missions. WMAP 6/30/01 to Sept. 2010: 3.2 – 13 mm; Big Bang HST upgraded! COS and WFC3 - 0.1 to 1.7 µm

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James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates

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  1. JWST-PRES-012898 James Webb Space Telescope Science Updates John C. Mather JWST Senior Project Scientist NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

  2. JWST and related space missions • WMAP 6/30/01 to Sept. 2010: 3.2 – 13 mm; Big Bang • HST upgraded! COS and WFC3 - 0.1 to 1.7 µm • Spitzer: was 3.6 – 180 µm, now 3.6 & 4.5 µm • Kepler: launched 3/6 to find transiting Earths • Planck launched 5/14: 350 – 10,000 µm; Big Bang • Herschel launched 5/14: 60 – 670 µm • WISE - launch 11/1/09 - 3.3, 4.7, 12, and 23 μm survey • TESS – SMEX proposal for all-sky transiting planet survey – visible/near IR • JANUS – SMEX proposal for GRBs to z = 12 • JDEM/IDECS – study dark energy • LISA – study black hole mergers to edge of the Universe JWST Ottawa

  3. End of the dark ages: first light and reionization … to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. Hubble Ultra Deep Field JWST Ottawa

  4. SN 2006 gy – brightest supernova • Could be the first observation of a pair-production instability, from the death of a very massive star. • Stars are normally held up by the balance of light pressure and gravity • Gamma rays producing electron/positron pairs scatters light, reducing pressure. Instability creates runaway collapse. • A nearby analog for the first stars in the Universe. γ e– + e+ γ • Progenitor was similar to Eta Carina. Hubble Image of Eta Carina JWST Ottawa

  5. Pair-production SNe as First Stars • Good news: JWST can easily detect these when stars first formed (but not as transients). • Interesting news: pair-production instability doesn’t necessarily require primordial composition. JWST Ottawa

  6. Gamma Ray Burst 4/23/09 most distant object yet found (z = 8.2) – supernova jet aimed at us! JANUS GRB (SMEX) search proposed, could see to z = 12 JWST Ottawa

  7. Redshift Neutral IGM z~zi z>zi . z<zi Wavelength Wavelength Wavelength Lyman Forest Absorption Patchy Absorption Black Gunn-Peterson trough When was re-ionization? 6.42 6.00 5.74 Fan, Carilli & Keating 2006, ARAA, 44, 415 JWST Ottawa

  8. Dark Energy! MacArthur Fellow 2008 - Adam Riess S. Perlmutter, A. Riess, B. Schmidt JWST Ottawa

  9. JWST, Dark Energy, Dark Matter • JDEM/IDECS Science Coordinating Group report (Neil Gehrels, GSFC), http://jdem.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/SCG_Report_final.pdf • Problem: determine acceleration parameter now and in the past • Multiple techniques required due to likely systematic errors • JDEM/IDECS wide-field surveys will find targets for JWST • JWST contributes by • Measuring very distant supernovae (standard candles?) • Measuring effects of dark matter too (distorted images of distant objects, masses of galaxies and clusters out to high redshift, rotation curves, etc.) • Cosmic archeology at high redshift (prior to acceleration, formation of galaxies and clusters) JWST Ottawa

  10. The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared How does environment affect star-formation and vice-versa?What is the sub-stellar initial mass function? • Massive stars produce winds and radiation • Either disrupt star formation, or causes it. • The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf stars and planets is unknown • Different processes? Or continuum? • Observations: • Survey dark clouds, “elephant trunks” and star-forming regions The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST JWST Ottawa

  11. Exoplanets • As of 13 May, 347 total: • Radial velocity: 321 planets, 33 multiple planet systems • Transiting: 59 planets, no multiples (most good JWST targets) • Microlensing: 8 planets, 1 multiple system • Imaging: 11 planets, 1 system (a triple) (all good JWST targets) • Timing: 7 planets, 2 multiple planet systems • Kepler launched Mar. 6, 2009, will monitor ~ 100,000 stars, find handful of Earths, thousands of others • TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), proposed SMEX, would survey nearest stars, best candidates for detailed follow-up with JWST • JWST Transits Working Group established – M. Clampin JWST Ottawa

  12. Planetary systems and the origins of life Kalas, Graham and Clampin 2005 JWST Ottawa

  13. Images of Exoplanets • "It's like a London bus - you've been waiting for one for ages and suddenly four come along at once.” – M. McCaughrean, BBC JWST Ottawa

  14. Fomalhaut • Advanced Camera for Surveys achieved the optical detection of an exoplanet around a star 25 light years from Earth. • First optical detection of a massive planet since Neptune in 1846. • Like the discovery of Neptune the existence of Fomalhaut b was predicted in advance by theory. • Planet’s mass lies between that of Neptune and Jupiter • Constrained by disk dynamics Named #2 Science Discovery of 2008

  15. Planets Seen! HR 8799 b,c,d Marois et al. 2008 Gemini & Keck Massive dust disk as if Mars collided with Earth β Pictoris b A.-M. Lagrange et al. 2008 VLT Fomalhaut b Kalas et al. 2008 HST JWST Ottawa

  16. Primary Secondary • Planet blocks light from star • Visible/NIR light (Hubble/JWST) • Radius of planet/star • Absorption spectroscopy of planet’s atmosphere • JWST: Look for moons, constituents of atmosphere, Earth-like planets with water, weather • Star blocks light from planet • Mid-Infrared light (Spitzer/JWST) • Direct detection of photons from planet • Temperature of planet • Emission from surface • JWST: Atmospheric characteristics, constituents of atmosphere, map planets JWST Ottawa

  17. Dwarf Planets and Plutoids May be 2000 more when whole sky is surveyed With moving object tracking JWST is perfect tool JWST Ottawa

  18. Where they are JWST Ottawa

  19. Senior Project Scientist Science Working Group M. Rieke Doyon Jakobsen Flanagan G. Rieke FGS Science Team S&OC WIT Team MIRI Science Team NIRCam Science Team NIRSpec Science Team Science Working Group (SWG) = Standing panel of science subject matter experts to advise Project and HQ • Several SWG and other science team members are here today • Many scientists, but only one source of science requirements exist across the JWST Program JWST Science Requirements JWST-RQMT-002558 JWST Mission Requirements JWST-RQMT-000634 JWST Observatory Spec JWST-SPEC-002020 ISIM Requirements JWST-RQMT-000835 JWST Ottawa

  20. More Info • 600 MB tutorial: Decadal Survey White Papers http://sites.nationalacademies.org/bpa/BPA_050603 • 7 JWST White Papers submitted: • The Scientific Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope – Jon Gardner • Comparative Planetology: Transiting Exoplanet Science with JWST – Mark Clampin • Planetary Systems and Star Formation with JWST – George Rieke • Study of Planetary Systems and Solar System Objects with JWST – George Sonneborn • Stellar Populations with JWST: the Beginning and the End – Margaret Meixner • Galaxies Across Cosmic Time with JWST – Rogier Windhorst • First light and reionization : open questions in the post-JWST era – Massimo Stiavelli JWST Ottawa

  21. More Info: Download for free at: jwst.gsfc.nasa.gov JWST Ottawa

  22. Questions? JWST Ottawa

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