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The Medieval Time Period

Feudalism. At the bottom of the system were the conquered Anglo-Saxons, ... Decline of Feudalism. Due to the House of Commons, growth of medieval towns resulted in an ...

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The Medieval Time Period

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  1. The Medieval Time Period

  2. Historical Background • 1066 Normans gained control of England • Normans (North Men) were originally the Vikings • Settled into Normandy, adopting French ways

  3. William Duke of Normandy • Most significant contribution was Feudalism • William also ordered first comprehensive land survey called The Doomsday Book

  4. Feudalism • Political and economic system of government established by William • Based on hierarchy • King is at top...owns all the land • King kept a forth of the land for himself, gave a fourth to the church • Rest went to noblemen, mostly noble loyal Norman barons

  5. Feudalism • Noblemen swore an allegiance to the king and supplied him with knights to protect the kingdom • The knights swore an allegiance to the barons

  6. Feudalism • At the bottom of the system were the conquered Anglo-Saxons, now known as serfs/peasants • Serfs were indebted to the barons... worked the land • Everyone was directly/indirectly responsible/loyal to the Kings

  7. Role of Women • Position of a woman depended on that of her husband or father • A woman and her property were always under the custody of a man

  8. Role of Women • If widowed, her eldest son would be in charge or her husband's overlord • Held the same rank as her husband • If husband absent at war, woman in charge of land

  9. Role of Women • Primary job was homemaker • Common duties included sewing and spinning

  10. Death of William • After William died, he appointed Henry I • When Henry I died, anarchy in England (1135)‏

  11. Death of William • Eventually, Matilda (Henry's daughter) and Stephen (Henry's nephew) were battling for control. • The battle continued for years, but in the end, Matilda's son took over and became Henry II.

  12. Henry II • Established juries, English common law, and royal courts • Famous wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine (former French queen who owned vast land)‏

  13. Eleanor of Aquitaine • Eleanor brought the idea of chivalry • Henry II and Eleanor parented the legendary king, Richard the Lionheart

  14. Code of Chivalry • Code was based on four element: • Piety • Loyalty • Bravery • Strength • Code encouraged knights/men to honor and protect ladies • Holy quests (Crusades)‏

  15. The Crusades • 1096-1270 • Eight major crusades • Christians attempting to reclaim Jerusalem from Turkish rule

  16. The Crusades – Richard the Lionheart • Established leadership of the Roman Catholic Church • Richard the Lionheart spent several years fighting in France

  17. The Crusades • Knights originally took part in The Crusades as a testament of their piety, but later it was for personal gain • Crusades fostered the development of money economy

  18. Prince John • While Richard was away, his brother, John (the villain in Robin Hood legends) plotted against him. • When Richard died, John became king.

  19. Magna Carta • Because of The Crusades, the royal treasury was empty. • John signed The Magna Carta (Great Charter) which limited royal authority and granted more power to the barons.

  20. Henry III/Edward I • Under John's son, Henry III, an advisory council of barons was formed called Parliament. • Under Edward I, commoners were allowed to participate in Parliament, introducing the House of Commons and the House of Lords (still in existence today in modern Britain).

  21. The House of Commons

  22. Decline of Feudalism • Due to the House of Commons, growth of medieval towns resulted in an increased trade that was stimulated in part by The Crusades.

  23. Decline of Feudalism • Merchants and craftspeople formed guilds • Controlled the flow and price of goods • Apprentice to master • Wealth no longer was based solely on land ownership

  24. Decline of Feudalism • Commerce centers • University learning • Oxford University • Advanced study of science and math • Effort to end church corruption • Ideas spread to Europe (Martin Luther)‏

  25. The Hundred Years' War • The church reform efforts took place during a struggle between England and France, known as The Hundred Years' War. • This happened during the reign of Edward III.

  26. The Hundred Years' War • Lasted over a century • Several domestic crises • Black Death, 1348 • Peasant's Revolt, 1381 • Richard II's forced abdication (which brought Henry IV the throne), 1399

  27. The Hundred Years' War • Victories • Henry V's victory over the French at Agincourt • French army lifting siege over Orleans (Joan of Arc)‏ • Ended in 1453 • England had lost nearly all its French possessions

  28. War of the Roses • Two families vied for the throne at the end of The Hundred Years' War • House of York (white rose)‏ • House of Lancaster (red rose)‏ • Ended in 1485 • Henry Tudor (L) killed King Richard III (Y)‏ • Henry Tudor began Henry VII

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