Country report: CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SURINAME. HORIZONTAL COOPERATION PROGRAM CONCYTEC-PERU

1. Country report:CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGYIN SURINAME.HORIZONTAL COOPERATION PROGRAMCONCYTEC-PERU Cornel Wijngaarde Faculty of Technology Anton de Kom University of Suriname JULY 14, 2004

2. Summary • Country Background • Clean Technology • Mining sector • Bauxite • Gold • Oil • Lumber industry • Agriculture • Renewable Energy • Conclusion • Recommendations Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

3. Background • Population: ± 450,000 Indians(35%), Creole(32%), Javanese(15%), Maroons(10%), Indigenous people, Chinese & others • Language: Dutch lingua franca: Sranan Tongo • Climate Temp: 27-320 C, humidity ≥ 80%, 4 seasons (short / long rainy season and short / long dry season) • Geomorphology; formations: • Young coastal Demerara • Old coastal Coropina • Savannah belt Zanderij • Interior Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

4. Agriculture Rice Bananas Fruits and vegetables Flowers In study: Cashew Aqua culture (schrimp, red tilapia) Use of CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY in SURINAME Main natural resources • Bauxite • Gold • Oil • Tropical forest • Fish In study: • Kaolin • Natural stone Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

5. Bauxite Only Multinationals: ALCOA, BHP-Billiton Export product (Alumina) 70% of export income ISO 9001:2000 certified Pollution under control Environmental threat (mining-industry) Gold Second largest export product US$ 27.8 x106 Multinational: Cambior Use of cyanide Pollution under control Environmental threat SME’s: Use of mercury ( ± 20 ton) 15,000 – 20,000 workers direct impact on 50.000 people Uncontrolled environmental threat, because of illegal mining and no regulations Use of Clean Technology in the Mining sector Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

6. Artisanal goldmine workers Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

7. Artisanal goldmine worker with sluice box No mercury recycling at the end of sluice box Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

8. Gold after burning Collected Amalgam Burning of Amalgam Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

9. Artisanal mineworkers camp Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

10. New style village-houses Traditional house with zinc roof Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

11. Environmental destruction by artisanal gold miners Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

12. Affected areas Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

13. Natural situation Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

14. Situation in the Oil industry One State Oil Company • ISO 9001:2000 certified • Daily production: ± 12,000 barrels • Crude oil with low sulphur content • Only onshore production • Offshore exploration in collaboration with spanish multinational Rapsol • Third largest export product Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

15. Situation in the Forest industry • Most forest products for local lumber industry and export (export 1st half 2002: ± US$ 3.3 x 106 ) • University/Celos forest exploration guidelines in preparation according to Celos Management System (CMS) • CMS already applied in Brasil by former researcher • Wood waste not optimal processed to by-products (plywood) or for electricity generation; most is burned Potential as co-generation • Threat from gold- and bauxite mining Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

16. Situation in Agriculture/Agribusiness sector • Use of legalized chemical pesticide • 53,000 ha cultivated land(90% of total) for rice and banana production • Most paddy-driers are oil-fired • Rice husk is burned • Banana stump is burned or buried • Few food- and fruit processing SME’s • Export US$ 18,5 x 106 Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

17. Renewable Energy • Urban electrification by hydro- and diesel power plant (daily peak 100 MW) • Rural electrification by diesel-power plants (40-60-110 kW) • PV systems in villages only for telecommunication, lighting or water pumping (40-200 Wp) • Biggest PV system (20 kWp) in a hybrid system with diesel generator(50 kW) for telecommunication station • Pilot project for PV system for village (± 50kWp ) failed • Solar energy for heating and drying is seldom used Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

18. Small PV-system for lavatory in tourist camp Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

19. PV system(20 kWp) for telecom (hybrid system) Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

20. Actual situation- Diesel aggregate Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

21. Renewable Energy (cont’d) • Micro-Hydro power: • Plant nearby eco-tourism village (base-load 5 kW, peak 20 kW) • Plant (1981) is out of order (peak 40 kW) • More sites suitable (total ± 500 kW) • Wood waste and rice husk co-generation possibility (total ± 3 MW) • Earlier rice husk gasification project failed (320 kW) • No wind energy Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

22. Poketi micro-hydro power plant (40 kW) Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

23. Possible site for micro-hydro power plant Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

24. Test laboratory for micro & pico water turbines at the University of Suriname Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

25. Conclusion • Clean technology is urgent needed in small scale gold mining • SME ’s in agriculture sector all are using legalized chemical products • SME’s in food and fruit processing industry are not really a threat for the environment • Plastic waste products needs attention • Renewable energy has low contribution in public electrification • Wind energy exploration in process Suriname report "Clean technology ..."

26. Recommendations Transfer of technology and research in: • mercury and cyanide free gold mining • non-chemical pesticide • solid waste management • renewable energy, especially wind energy, biomass and micro-hydro power Suriname report "Clean technology ..."