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Lamoid Restraint and Physical Exam

Lamoid Restraint and Physical Exam. Kevin Kristick Pierrette Danieu. Introduction. Classification Domestication Distribution Basic Description Physiology Uses Vaccination Schedule Proper handling Restraint Techniques Physical examination. Classification of Lamoids. Class: Mammalia

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Lamoid Restraint and Physical Exam

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  1. Lamoid Restraint and Physical Exam Kevin Kristick Pierrette Danieu

  2. Introduction • Classification • Domestication • Distribution • Basic Description • Physiology • Uses • Vaccination Schedule • Proper handling • Restraint Techniques • Physical examination

  3. Classification of Lamoids • Class: Mammalia • Order: Artiodactyla • Suborder: Tylopoda- camelids • Old World Genera and species: • Camelus dromedarius • Camelus bactrianus • New World Genera and species: (Lamoid) • Lama glama-Llama • Lama pacos- Alpaca • Lama guanicoe- Guanaco • Vicugna vicugna- Vicuna • Sub order: Ruminantia- cattle, sheep, goats, giraffe, etc.

  4. Evolution and Domestication • First migrated to South America ~3 million years ago • Llamas and alpacas have been domesticated for 7,000 years; no wild incidence • Guanacos and Vicunas are wild

  5. Distribution

  6. Physical Description • Life span: 15-25 years • Weight: • Alpaca: 121-200lbs • Llama: 250-550 lbs • Height at withers: • Alpaca: 30-38 in • Llama: 40-47 in • Gestation period: 341 days • Birth: a single offspring called a cria

  7. Physiology • Foregut fermenters • Regurgitation • Re-chewing • Re-swallowing • Stomach has three compartments = resistant to bloat • Efficient in extracting protein and energy from poor quality forages

  8. Vicuna • Wild • Subspecies: • Peruvian • Argentine • Smallest Lamoid-weighs under 90 lbs and stands under 3 ft at the shoulder • Finest fiber quality of all lamoids • Uses a broad range of habitat for grazing and browsing

  9. Guanaco • Wild • Many subspecies • High quality inner coat • Juvenile pelts are used for garments • Uses a broad range of habitat for grazing and browsing

  10. Alpaca • Exists only as domesticated species • Breeds: • Huacaya • Suri • Excellent fiber quality • Prefers to graze succulent forage in marshes and moist places

  11. Llama • Exists only as domesticated species • South American breeds: • Heavy neck fiber: • Chaku • Lanuda • Tapada • Short neck fiber: • Ccara • Pelada • Inner coat makes excellent garments • Grazes dry, harsh grass species

  12. Uses: Alpacas • Premier fiber producing animal • Harvested for meat • Leather used to make ropes • Pelts of crias make fine rugs • North American Alpacas serve as show and companion animals

  13. Uses: Llamas • Long history of supplying Andean people with meat, leather and fiber • Serve as sacrificial animals • North American Llamas fill numerous niches: • Breeding/showing • Companion animals • Packing • Guard Llamas • Golf caddy

  14. Lamoid Vaccination Schedule • Crias: • 3 mo- CD&T, ± Rabies • 4 mo- ± Rabies • Annual Herd: • CD & T • 2 mo- Clostridium perfringens type C, D and tetanus (CD&T) • ± Rabies • ± Lepto. Repeat q 6 mo. • New Animals: • Initial series: CD&T, Lepto, Rabies • Booster all in one month • Prebirthing Boosters: • CD&T • 4-6 weeks prior to anticipated birth

  15. Handling • Avoid Eye Contact • Place a Halter and Lead Rope • Use Your Surroundings • Less is Best!

  16. Handling • Monitor Body Posture • Ear Position • Tail Position

  17. Handling • Stand Near the Shoulder to Avoid Kicking • Do Not Work Alone • Avoid Spitting • Ears Laid Back • Gulping/Gurgling Sound

  18. Restraint • Neck and Tail Hold • Similar to sheep • Approach slowly • Place one arm around base of neck • Firmly grasp tail with other hand • Difficult in larger animals

  19. Restraint • “Earing” • Similar to “earing” a horse • Gain owner approval • Squeeze firmly • Caution: Natural instinctive movement is away from the grasping

  20. Restraint • “Chukkering” • Places animal in recumbency by restricting the hind legs

  21. Restraint • Chutes or Stocks • Commercially available • Easy to construct • “Fowler” chute

  22. Restraint • Neonates • Neck and Tail Hold • Proper Lifting • Lateral Recumbency • Sternal Recumbency (kush position)

  23. Physical Exam • Normals: • Temp: 99.5-102 F • Pulse: 60-90 • Resp: 10-30 • Gastric Motility: 3-5 contractions/min

  24. Physical Exam • Heart and Lung Auscultation • Reach through fleece • At the elbow • Caudal to triceps

  25. Physical Exam • Assessing Body Condition • Dorsal spinal muscles at T8 to L2 • Triangular = Thin • Round = Healthy • Flat = Overweight

  26. Physical Exam • Assessing the Eye A: Eyelid Margins B: Third Eyelid C: Bulbar Conjunctiva D: Iris E: Pronounced Dark Pupillary Margins (corpora nigrum) F: Ocular Fundus

  27. Physical Exam • Assessing the Ears • Difficult to assess • Facial paralysis seen with infections (Listeria monocytogenes)

  28. Physical Exam • Assessing the Mouth • Inability to open wide prevents good exam • Check incisor teeth for under or over bite • Modified canine teeth present, called Fighting teeth (up to 3 pair)

  29. Physical Exam • Blood Collection • Difficult due to protective barriers • Jugular venipuncture is best • Blind stick, can not feel or see jugular groove in most animals

  30. References • Fowler, Murray E. DVM, Medicine and Surgery of South American Camelids 2nd ed., Iowa Sate University Press, 1998 • www.purdyvet.com • A special thanks to Dr. Pam Walker • Another thanks to Dr. Stephen Purdy

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