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Chapter Twelve. Retailing, Direct Marketing, and Wholesaling. Objectives. Describe retailing & wholesaling functions Categorize retailers Analyze patterns of U.S. retail history Identify key retailer strategy elements Explore impact of the Internet on retailing
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Chapter Twelve Retailing, Direct Marketing, and Wholesaling
Objectives • Describe retailing & wholesaling functions • Categorize retailers • Analyze patterns of U.S. retail history • Identify key retailer strategy elements • Explore impact of the Internet on retailing • Discriminate merchant wholesalers & agents • Describe contributions of wholesalers • Describe contributions of agent intermediaries • Identify key wholesaler strategy elements • Overview legal concerns with distribution channel management
Retailing All business activities concerned with the sale of goods and services to ultimate consumers.
Classifying Retailers • Type of ownership • Prominent strategy
Independent Retailers Chain Store Retail franchise Corporate Chain Ownership Group Classifying Retailers by Ownership
In-Store Classifying Retailers by Strategy Direct
Specialty Stores • Narrow variety • Deep selection • Personalized service • Examples: • Wallpapers to Go • Bookstore
Department Store • Chain operation • Wide variety • Full service • Examples: • Dillard’s • Macy’s • Bloomingdale’s
Supermarkets • Wide variety of food and nonfood products • Departmentalized operations • Self-service • Centralized checkout • Examples: • Albertson’s • Safeway
Limited variety Shallow selection Fast service Examples: 7-11 Circle K Wawa STOP & GO Convenience Stores
Other In-Store • Mass merchandiser • Catalog showroom • Warehouse club • Specialty mass merchandiser • Off-price retailer • Category superstore
Mail-order/direct Door-to-Door Vending e-tailing Direct Marketing
Not location bound Interactive Convenient 24x7x52 Shopbots Internet Retailing: Advantages
Examination Privacy Internet Retailing: Disadvantages
Conventional department stores Mass merchandise retailers Low: status, margin price, service Warehouse clubs The Wheel of Retailing High: status, margin, price, service Prestige specialty stores
PRODUCT PLACE/ DISTRIBUTION Consumer PROMOTION PRICE Retail Marketing Mix
Key Retail Issues • Merchandise assortment • Location • Atmospherics • Customer Service • Database management • Internet strategy
Merchant Wholesaler Take title ~ 80% of all wholesalers National or regional Agents No title to goods Facilitators Work on commission Market experts Classifying Wholesalers
Collaboration for Relationships Selecting Target Markets/ Create Assortments Wholesale Management Strategies
Regulation of Distribution • Exclusive dealing • Tying contracts • International issues
Review • Describe retailing & wholesaling functions • Categorize retailers • Analyze patterns of U.S. retail history • Identify key retailer strategy elements • Explore impact of the Internet on retailing • Discriminate merchant wholesalers & agents • Describe contributions of wholesalers • Describe contributions of agent intermediaries • Identify key wholesaler strategy elements • Overview legal concerns with distribution channel management