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an introduction to

Introduction . For many children and young people having surgery, this may be their first and only experience of a hospital environment. Admissions must be carefully planned to avoid any distress to the child and family, so care needs to be provided by staff who are educated in the needs of the child/young person and their carers (RCN 2004).Recommendations by the Royal College of Nursing suggest: Specialist knowledge is needed to assess, plan, evaluate and implement the care required to mee9455

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an introduction to

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    3. The word anaesthesia means the loss of the sensations of touch, pressure, pain and temperature in any part of the body, or in the whole of it. Anaesthesia can be given in various ways and does not always make you unconscious; it can just be used to stop pain in an area of the body, this is called a local anaesthetic. A general anaesthetic is used when you need to be in a state of controlled unconsciousness and free of pain during a test or operation. A combination of drugs given either as gas to breathe into the lungs, or as an injection (NHS 2008).

    5. KRAPP (2002)

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    9. Regional anaesthesia is used for operations on larger or deeper parts of the body. Local anaesthetic drugs are injected near to the set of nerves which carry signals from that area of the body to the brain.

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    21. AAGBI (2001) Pre-operative assessment and the role of the Anaesthetist. AAGBI. London Aitkenhead, A.R, Rowbotham, D.J, and Smith. G. (2003) Textbook of Anaesthesia. 4th Ed. Churchill Livingstone. London. Allman K.G and Wilson, I.H.(2006) Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia. 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press. Oxford. British National Formulary. (2008) BNF for Children. British Medical Journal. London. Central Manchester and Manchester Children’s University Hospitals (2004) procedure for the care of the child in the recovery room following general anaesthesia. NHS. Davey A, Ince, C,S (1999) Fundamentals of Operating Theatre Practice. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Davis, P.J Motoyama, E.K (2006) Smith’s Anaesthesia for Infants and Children. 7th Ed. Mosby Elsevier. USA. Dougherty L, Lister S (2004) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 6th Ed. Blackwell. Oxford Doyle, E (2007) Paediatric Anaesthesia. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Grant A, Waugh A (2006) Ross and Wilson- Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. 10th Ed. Churchill Livingstone. London. Digger T (2005) The Dudley Group Of Hospitals NHS Trust- Policy For Safe Patient Preparation Prior To Surgery. Hughes E (2004) Principles of post-operative patient care. Nursing Standard. 19, 5, 43-51. Date of acceptance: July 12 2004. Krapp, K. Cengage, G. (2002)."Anesthesia, General." Encyclopaedia of Nursing & Allied Health. Ed. 2002. Moss, M (2007) Central Manchester and Manchester Children’s University Hospitals- Student Welcome pack (surgical). CMMC. NHS (2003) Clinical standards for Anaesthesia-Scotland. NHS Quality Improvement Scotland. Glasgow. O’Neill J, Wicker P (2006) Caring For The Perioperative Patient. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford Royal College of Nursing (2004) Children/young people in day surgery. RCN. London Wenker O: Review of Currently Used Inhalation Anaesthetics; Part I. The Internet Journal of Anaesthesiology 1999; Vol3N2: http://www.ispub.com/journals/IJA/Vol3N2/inhal1.htm ; Published April 1, 1999; Last Updated April 1, 1999 . https://healthlibrary.epnet.com Spinal and Epidural Anaesthesia by Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov http://www.frca.co.uk – Anaesthesia UK-Guanethidine Biers blocks (2008) www.nda.ux.ac.uk- (1998) Paediatric Anaesthesia Review. Issue 8 Article 2.

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