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Functional neuroanatomy Brad Dickerson, M.D. bradd@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from this?. Functional neuroanatomy Brad Dickerson, M.D. bradd@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu. bradd@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu. Functional neuroanatomy. Overview of brain anatomy & systems Localization/networks Scale in the nervous system Sensorimotor systems

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Functional neuroanatomy Brad Dickerson, M.D. bradd@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

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  1. How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from this? Functional neuroanatomyBrad Dickerson, M.D.bradd@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

  2. bradd@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Functional neuroanatomy • Overview of brain anatomy & systems • Localization/networks • Scale in the nervous system • Sensorimotor systems • How our brains interact with the external world (loops) • States ‘of mind’ (and body) • Specific functional systems • Memory & emotion • How our brains use previous experience to modify behavior • Vision & attention; language

  3. Brain anatomy

  4. Brain anatomy

  5. Brain anatomy

  6. Brain anatomy

  7. Brain anatomy

  8. Brain anatomy

  9. Approaches to the study of brain function • Animals & humans: anatomy, physiology, & behavior • Tract tracing • Single unit recordings • Behavioral studies; pharmacology • Patients with focal brain lesions • Behavioral studies & post-mortem anatomy • Structural imaging: In vivo structure/function correlations • Neuroimaging/brain mapping • Functional neuroimaging

  10. Scale in studying the nervous system

  11. Localization of function in the nervous system Phrenology (Gall, early 1800s) 1.The brain is the organ of the mind. 2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties. 3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or "organ" in the brain.

  12. Localization of function in the nervous system: Paul Broca & language 1860s

  13. Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks 1909 2005

  14. What are we doing with our brains at this moment?(The student’s brain) • Feeling your chair • Squirming (moving) • Watching • Listening • Remembering • Paying attention • Sleeping • Feeling anxious • Feeling hungry • What happens when you ask a question?

  15. Motor function

  16. Motor system

  17. Motor system

  18. Motor system

  19. Motor system

  20. Motor system

  21. The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia

  22. The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia

  23. Neurons have specialized processes that support electrochemical transmission

  24. Neurons communicate with each other primarily through synapses

  25. Glia support and maintain neurons • Protect by surrounding and buffering • Speed transmission by forming myelin sheaths

  26. Motor system:Topography

  27. Motor system

  28. Motor system

  29. Somatosensory function

  30. Somatosensory function

  31. Somatosensory function

  32. Auditory function

  33. Auditory function

  34. Vision

  35. Visual system Visual system

  36. Visual system Visual system

  37. Visual system Visual system

  38. Visual system Visual system

  39. Visual system Visual system

  40. Visual system Visual system

  41. Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks 1909 2005

  42. Localization of function in the nervous system: Functional networks • 5 major brain systems subserving cognition and behavior • Left perisylvian language network • Parieto-frontal network for spatial attention • Occipitotemporal network for object/face recognition • Medial temporal/limbic network for learning & memory • Prefrontal network for attention & comportment From Mesulam MM, Brain, 1998

  43. Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks

  44. What are we doing with our brains at this moment?(The student’s brain) • Feeling your chair • Squirming (moving) • Watching • Listening • Remembering • Paying attention • Sleeping • Feeling anxious • Feeling hungry • What happens when you ask a question?

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