Names for Words

1. Names for Words The Parts of Speech

2. Names for Words: Parts of Speech • No matter what, words must be put together • That makes a sentence • Nothing is possible without sentences

3. Sentence Structure • All sentences must start with a capital letter • All sentences must end with a punctuation • A sentence is not a part of speech; it just the thing that contains the Part of speech

4. 8 Main Parts Of Speech Nouns interjections Verbs Adjective Adverbs Preposition Conjunctions Pronouns

5. Conjunctions Join Things

6. Conjunctions • Conjunctions are connecting words Example: And adds things together in the sentence “I like baseball and soccer.” Or also joins, but makes an option “What do you like best, dogs or cats?” Or can also pose a question.

7. Using And/Or Sentence 1: “I am going to play.” Sentence 2: “I am going to study.” Using And to join: “I am going to play, and I’m going to study.” Using Or to join: “ I am going to play, or I’m going to study.”

8. Using a Comma • Before every joining word, a comma (,) must be used Example: “I like soup, and I like sandwiches.” • You also must check that a and/or can be used by taking out the , and/, or and replacing it with a period.

9. Different Conjunctions • Conjunctions aren’t only and/or, they are: So, because, but, then, after,also just a (,), etc.

10. More examples No one came to save him, so he went off to explore. Alice smiled, and then turned to her rabbit

11. Adjectives Words that describe

12. Adjectives • Words that describe • Are used to describe nouns • Used to say: How something feels, tastes, looks, or sounds

13. Things that we describe • You • Sky • School • Bird • Etc.

14. Words to Describe • Green – Any Color • Stormy • Loud • Five – Any Number

15. Putting it all together • Yellow Chickens • Purple sweater • Cloudy Sky • Stinky Cigarette

16. Using more than one adjective • In some cases, 2 adjectives may be used to describe • Examples “The car was boxy, and green.” “ The thin, gray paper airplane was indestructible.”

17. Adjectives • Pick some adjectives for:

18. Nouns Pronouns and Proper Nouns

19. Pronouns • Take the place of nouns • Save time and energy • Pronouns are words such as it, he , she, they, etc. **They refer to the previous noun

20. Examples of Pronouns “Joe, won a new car, and he jumped with joy.” Joe

21. Proper Nouns • Something's OWN name • Include names, nicknames, pets names, places names, city names, etc. • Proper Nouns also define • All proper nouns start with Capitals • Examples: Joe vs. Person Jamestown vs. the city

22. Articles A, An, The

23. Articles • Always go before a noun

24. “The Rules” • A always presents a consonant • An always presents a vowel • The always presents a singular

25. The Two Parts of a Sentence Putting Things Together

26. 2 Parts Of a Sentence • Sentences are the building blocks of our language • The 2 Main Parts are: Subjects Predicates

27. The Subject • Is the Noun of the sentence, The sentence is also based upon the Noun In, “The beautiful ballerina leaped into the air like a deer.” Ballerina is the subject In, “The Seminole Indians traveled over the water in the dugout canals.” • The quickest way to find the subject is to read the sentence carefully • The subject can be singular or plural and 1 or 2 words

28. The Predicate • The predicate names the verb in the sentence that tells what is happening In, “The beautiful ballerina leaped into the air like a deer.” leaped is the predicate In, “ The Seminole Indians traveled over water in the dugout canals.” the predicate is traveled.” • The easiest way to find the predicate is to find what the subject is doing.

29. Helping Verbs The action

30. Helping Verbs • The Helping Verb shows us weather the verb is past, present, or future. These are all considered “tenses”

31. The “tense” table

32. Getting Words to Agree Singular and Plurals

33. Getting Words to Agree • All plural subjects end with the letter “s” • Verbs in sentences with he and they do not always indicate a plural. **Remember He Goes They Go

34. Matching Plural Verbs • When you have a plural subject such as, “five boys” you must give them a plural verb such as, “run”

35. Verbs with <1 Part • Must agree in “Tense” • If the 1st part is talking about the past the 2nd part must do the same • If this rule is not followed, it will create a time warp in the middle.

36. Three Types of Sentences Main Sentences

37. The 3 Main Types Of Sentences • Almost everything we say is said in sentences. • There are interrogative, declarative, and imperative sentences

38. Declarative Sentences • Are the most common type of sentence. • Are punctuated with a period. • Are used to tell our thoughts, and what we see. • Can be simple or complex. “I have a dream . . .” as MLK Jr. once said. “I saw a bird as beautiful as the summer sky as it rises above the horizon.”

39. Interrogative Sentences • ALWAYS has a (?) question mark. • If you ask enough of them they become self-explanatory. “Do stars burn out ?” “Why are my eyes colored ?” “Why is global warming such a problem ?”

40. Imperative Sentences • May need more than 1 or 2 words. • Used to give orders and make requests. • Always ends in a (!) exclamation point if used to make requests. • Always ends in (.) a period to give orders. “Stop!” “Hug Me.” ** In many sentences YOU is not spoken but is understood.

41. Types of Literature Learning Books

42. Biography • A True story about a persons life • Are very interesting stories • Are NOT by the person they are about • Are written using second hand accounts • SECOND-HAND ACCOUNTS –writings that are left behind, diaries, newspapers, and letters, etc.

43. Autobiography • Are books written by the person they are about • Auto- means self (ex. Automobile is self driven. Autopilot is a plane that flies by itself) • Most are written in Prose, but can be written in poems, plays, or songs

44. Fiction • Are make-believe, or fairytales such as Alice in Wonderland, or Pollyanna • Not everything has to be made-up, can have true parts with a twist, or true facts in a made-up story. Ex. You could have a story about traveling through space, that is not true. But, the moon, gravity force, wind, stars, yourself, a spaceshutle, etc.

45. Non-Fiction • Is ALL true • Ex. Biographies, and autobiographies, newspaper articles, and school reports, and history • IE. A report on the 1989 earthquake in San Francisco

46. Sayings and Phrases Idioms and Metaphors

47. What Is A Phrase ? • Main Entry:1phrase • Pronunciation:*fr*z • Function:noun • Etymology:Latin phrasis, from Greek, from phrazein to point out, explain, tell • Date:15301 : • a characteristic manner or style of expression : • DICTION2 a : a brief expression; especially : • CATCHPHRASE b : • WORD3 : a short musical thought typically two to four measures long closing with a cadence4 : a word or group of words forming a syntactic constituent with a single grammatical function *an adverbial phrase*5 : a series of dance movements comprising a section of a pattern

48. “Actions Speak Louder Than Words” • Means, some people don’t mean what they say. It is often obvious what is meant. • “Dad says he hates cats – even Juju,” Stewart said. “But,” Tracy said, “last night, I saw Dad kiss the top of his head. “Well,” Stewart said, “I think he really loves Juju, well, actions speak louder than words.”

49. “Beggars, Can’t Be Choosers” • This phrase means if you are needy, don’t be picky even if it isn’t exactly what you want or need. “I didn’t have time to eat,” Jane said, “and I’m starving! But the only thing left in the cafeteria is yesterdays spinach salad.” “Beggars can’t be choosers, Jane,” Nicky said, “looks like you’ll actually have to eat something healthy for a change.”

50. Let Bygones Be Bygones • This means that people should forget about bad feelings towards each other. “I can’t belive you won’t help me with this science experiment! It means a lot, I’m failing,” Tyron said screaming,”Why won’t you help.” “Come on, Tyron,” Janine said,”I’ll help you study. There is no sense in being mad. Just Let bygones be bygones.”