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Energy from the volcano

Science 9 quarter 3

RECHIE
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Energy from the volcano

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  1. Energy from the volcano

  2. Since our country is a home to more than a hundred of volcanoes, energy has been tapped from them. Actually, the Philippines ranked second in the world’s production of geothermal energy. Of the country’s total electricity production, 27% is generated in the power plants. The production of electricity from geothermal energy is cheaper than the electricity production using natural gas, coal, and hydropower.

  3. What is geothermal energy? The Earth is believed to be extremely hot from within. This heat from the Earth’s interior is a source of energy called geothermal energy. The heat of the Earth warms up water which is trapped in rock formations beneath its surface.

  4. . How is the geothermal energy generated? • Geothermal energy is generated in two ways: geothermal power plants and geothermal heat pumps. They differ ion the depth of heat source to produce energy.

  5. In geothermal power plants, the heat from deep inside the Earth is used to produce steam to generate electricity compared with geothermal heat pumps that use the heat coming from close to the Earth’s surface to heat water orprovide heat for buildings.

  6. In the Philippines, geothermal power plants are used to generate electricity in Tiwi (Albay), Kidapawan (North Cotabato), Calacan (Laguna), Tongonan (Leyte), Bago City (Northern Negros Occidental), Valencia (Negros Oriental), and Bacon (Sorsogon). The figure 148 below shows the Mak-Ban Geothermal Power Plant in Laguna.

  7. Fig. 14. Generating electricity from geothermal energy

  8. The following steps are followed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant: 1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface. 2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water to turn into steam. 3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity. 4. Cooling tower cools the steam and it condenses back to water. 5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.

  9. How do volcanic eruptions affect the society? Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. It can cause loss of lives and properties. As the lava flows or pyroclastic materials are ejected in the air, they can carry destroy anything ion their way. Actually, it has a good and a bad side. For example, the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991, one of the longest volcanic eruptions, has caused the decrease in the Earth’s surface temperature for almost two years. The strong winds during its eruption spread the aerosol particles from the plume around the globe. The result was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of almost two years.

  10. Volcanoes also affect people positively. For example, the eruption of Pinatubo Volcano has created spectacular scenery in its wake along its trek. Likewise, the eruption of Musuan Volcano in Bukidnon has produced very rich soils for farming years after its eruption in 1867. People became creative also by making earthenware out of the ash fall from the Pinatubo Volcano eruption.

  11. Fig. 15. The Pinatubo caldera

  12. Despite the advantages that people get from volcanic eruption, the major concern now is how to reduce the negative effects of disasters to reduce loss and save lives. Fig. 16. The aftermath of Pinatubo Volcano eruption (Photo credits: USGS)

  13. Are you prepared? Signs of an impending volcanic eruption • According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)T, the government agency tasked with monitoring earthquakes and volcanoes in the country, the following are commonly observed signs that a volcano is about to erupt. These may vary from one volcano to another. (Adapted from PHIVOLCS)

  14. Signs of an impending volcanic eruption 1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; occurrence of volcanic tremors; 2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained ash; 3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater; 4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to magma intrusion; 5. Localized landslides, rockfallsand landslides from the summit area which not attributable to heavy rains;

  15. Signs of an impending volcanic eruption 6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano's upper slopes; 7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells (e.g., Bulusan and Canlaon) and crater lake (e.g., Taal) near the volcano; 8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within the vicinity of the volcano; 9. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano; and, 10. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones; appearance of solfataras.

  16. Performance Task You are a volcanologist from Bicol. On your way back to your hometown, you saw the destruction brought about by the eruption of Mayon Volcano. You decided to invite your colleagues to come with you on your next visit with a mission, that is, to create awareness among your townmates about volcanic hazards – before, during, and after a volcanic eruption. Decide on how you will accomplish your mission.

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