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Chapter 29

Chapter 29. Between Two Fires. After WWI. Innovations After WWI (sciences, arts, pop. culture). Voting:. Women Receive Right to Vote (In Most Western Countries) . Transportation: . Automobile And Highways Mass Marketed. Communication:. Radio Is Mass Marketed. New Ideas .

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Chapter 29

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  1. Chapter 29 Between Two Fires

  2. After WWI • Innovations After WWI • (sciences, arts, pop. culture)

  3. Voting: • Women Receive Right to Vote • (In Most Western Countries)

  4. Transportation: • Automobile And Highways • Mass Marketed

  5. Communication: • Radio Is Mass Marketed

  6. New Ideas • Albert Einstein: • Relativity • Sigmund Freud: • Psycho-analysis

  7. Arts • Movies • Why? • Leisure Time (Shorter Work Week) • SilentTalkies • Jazz Singer (First Talkie 1927) • (Color Films 1939)

  8. New Literature/Literary techniques

  9. HARLEM RENAISSANCE: • African Literary Movement • Why? • To Address Social Issues of the African American Community

  10. Stream Of Consciousness: • Literary Technique Used By James Joyce • What Is It? • Continual Flow Of Thought In Writing • Why? • To Reflect All The Forces, External And Internal, Influencing The Psychology Of A Character • (modern novel) James Joyce

  11. Artists And New Art Forms • Why? • War Transforms Life With Radical New Ideas • Artists (Like Counterpart Authors) Disillusioned After the War

  12. Dada • Why? • To Express Absurdity/brutality Of Life Hannah Hoch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife Through the First Epoch of the Weimar Beer-Belly Culture,1919

  13. Cubism • Geometric Shapes In Art Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

  14. Surrealism • Dreamlike Objects • To Explore Unconsciousness

  15. Music And Dance • Non-traditional Styles • United States: Jazz • (Folk Songs, West African Rhythms, Harmonies From Europe, Slave Work Song ) • Swing Louis Armstrong

  16. United States • Stronger Than European Countries • Why? • No Fighting On U.S. Soil.

  17. United States • Do Not Want To Join League Of Nations • Why? • Do Not Want Foreign Entanglements • Expel Foreign-born Radicals (1919, 1920) • Why? • Fear Of Communism

  18. After WWI • Problems After WWI

  19. Unemployment (in United States) • Why? • 1 Production: • Demand: Down • 2 Buying On Margin • 3 Farming Prices Fall • 4 (Dust Bowl)

  20. Unemployment • By 1933: • ¼ Of U.S Population Is Unemployed • FDR Elected President In 1932 • Policy: New Deal

  21. United States • U.S. Better Off Than Many Other European Nations

  22. Effects Of War (Europe)

  23. Great Britain • Loses Power As Economic Leader • Why? • Overseas Markets Taken Over During The War

  24. Great Britain • Factories Are Old And Outdated • Workers Demand Higher Wages, Strike. • Labour Party Becomes Second Leading Party

  25. Great Britain • Loses Political Power • Why? • Establish Commonwealth Of Nations • (To Link Former Colonies/Dominions As Equals)

  26. Great Britain • Uprising In Ireland: • Catholic South (Dominion) • Protestant North (Great Britain) • 1937 Ireland Becomes A Republic

  27. France • Fear Of Another War • Why? • WWI Wreaks Havoc On France’s People And Land • (France Has Tough Time Rebuilding) • Political Parties Compete For Votes • Leads To Weak Gov’t • (With Extremists Threatening Stability)

  28. France • Communists (1934) Appeal To Socialists • To Combat Fascism • Become Known As Popular Front

  29. France • Build Fortifications Along France’s Eastern Borders (Maginot Line) • Why? • To Protect Against Germany • (Fail To Protect Border W/ Belgium)

  30. The Rise Of Totalitarianism • Where (After WWI)? • Italy, Germany, Russia • What Is Totalitarianism? • The Total Control Of Government Over Individual • Two Forms (of Totalitarianism): • Fascism (Germany, Italy) • Communism (U.S.S.R.)

  31. Fascism Glorifies State (Over Individual) One Party System With A Strong Ruler Aggressive Nationalism And Racism Allows Ownership of Private Property Communism Glorifies State (Over Individual) One Party System With A Strong Ruler Aggressive Nationalism And Racism Totalitarian Governments After WWI

  32. Fascism • Italy, Germany

  33. Germany • After WWI: Germany Becomes A Democracy • (Weimar Republic) • Government Is Weak • The Republic Is Associated With the Loss Of WWI • Germany Has To Pay Cost Of War

  34. Germany • Weak Republic: • Loss Of (Industrial) Ruhr Valley To France (Reparations) • Loss Of Industry+Printing Of More Money (For Expenses)= • Inflation

  35. Germany • 1920- 1$= • 60-70 Marks • 1923- 1$= • 4,200,000,000,000 Marks

  36. Adolf Hitler • Born In Austria • High School Drop Out • Studied In Vienna (Art And Architecture) • Believe Germans Are “Master Race”

  37. Adolf Hitler • World War I War Hero (Receives 2 Iron Crosses) • After WWI, Joins Political Group: • Nationalist-Socialist German Workers’ Party • Nazi Party

  38. Adolf Hitler • 1923 Hitler Attempts A Government Revolution • Revolution Fails • Hitler Imprisoned • In Prison, Writes Book: Mein Kampf

  39. Mein Kampf • Blames Jews And Communists For WWI Defeat • Declares Germans A “Master Race” (Aryan Race)

  40. Adolf Hitler • Elected Chancellor In 1933 • Why? • (Due To Continued Economic Depression) • 1933-Reichstag Burned • Arson Blamed On Communists • (Civil Liberties Are Stripped)

  41. Adolf Hitler cont’d • Hitler Is Given More Power To Deal With “Threats” • Communists Are Arrested • Trade Unions Are Abolished Reichstag

  42. Nuremberg Laws(1935) • Jews-1% Of German Population • Nuremberg LawsStrip Jews Of Citizenship • “Pure Must Not Mix With The Impure”

  43. Hitler Takes Title • “Der Fuhrer” • Calls His Government The Third Reich • Reich=power/rule

  44. The Third Reich • 1st Reich- • Germany Under Holy Roman Empire • 2nd Reich- • Germany Under Bismarck • 3rd Reich- • Under Hitler, To Rule For 1000 Years

  45. German Economy • Hitler Restores Jobs • How? • Through Military Production • Violates The Treaty Of Versailles

  46. Italy

  47. Why Fascism In Italy? • WWI Veterans Find Little Work After War • Workers Go On Strike For Pay/benefits • Peasants Seize Land… • Conditions Set For The Rise Of Totalitarianism

  48. Benito Mussolini • Rise of Mussolini • (Totalitarianism) • Also Due to Middle Class Fear of Communism • Workers Want Full Employment And Benefits

  49. Mussolini • Mussolini Wants Italy To Be Returned To Greatness of Roman Empire • Mussolini Seizes Power • (Black Shirt Party Uses Physical Force)

  50. Mussolini • King Names Mussolini Prime Minister • Many Favor Mussolini (But Don’t Like Fascism) • Mussolini Restores Order, Builds Up Military- Provides Jobs • Italy Invades Ethiopia (1935) • (in 1896 Italy lost war to Ethiopia/Abyssinia) • Italians View Fascism as a Better Alternative Than Communism

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