Speaking to Persuade

1. Speaking to Persuade Chapter 15

2. What is Persuasion? • Communicating • With the use of arguments • To voluntarily change an • Attitude, belief or behavior.

3. Persuasion is not… • Coercion -Using force to persuade. • Manipulation -Using trickery to persuade.

4. Complexities of Persuasive Speaking • Most difficult type of speech to give • Deals with controversial issues • Isn’t always successful • A speaker needs to consider the target audience.

5. Target Audience • Those in your audience you are most likely to persuade. • Your focus when planning, preparing, researching, writing, and delivering your speech.

6. Persuasive Scale

7. Goals of Persuasive Speaking • Speaking to Influence Thinking • Desire to gain intellectual agreement. • Example: To persuade my audience that immigrants enrich American society and business life. 2. Speaking to Motivate Action • Tries to impel listeners to take action. • Example: To persuade my audience not to buy groceries from markets that do not support dolphin-safe tuna fishing products.

8. How To Motivate Action • Don’t just imply, tell the audience what they need to do in response to your speech. • Send around a petition • Pass out a sign-up sheet • Get a show of hands • Be careful not to overly pressure listeners!

9. Three Types of Persuasive Speeches • Speeches on Questions of Fact • Fact – something that can be proven or verified. • Example: To persuade my audience that O.J. Simpson murdered his wife. • What type of occupation does this type of persuasive speech on a routine basis?

10. Three Types of Persuasive Speeches • Speeches on Questions of Value • Value – personal beliefs of what is right/wrong, good/bad, moral/immoral. • Example: To persuade my audience to vote to bad stem cell research in the U.S. because it is morally wrong. • Most difficult of the types of persuasive speeches.

11. Three Types of Persuasive Speeches • Speeches on Questions of Policy • Policy – suggests specific actions • Decides whether something should or should not be done. • Example: To persuade my audience that Congress should ban public smoking nationwide.

12. Fact, Value or Policy? • President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew in advance about the Japanese plan to attack Pearl Harbor and allowed it to happen. • Fact • The use of lie detector tests for screening employees in private business should be banned by law. • Policy

13. Fact, Value, or Policy? • Colorizing classic movies such as Casablanca violates the artistic integrity of such movies. • Value • If Franklin D. Roosevelt knew in advance about the Japanese plan to attack Pearl Harbor, he was wrong in allowing it to happen. • Value

14. Fact, Value, or Policy? • If trunk safety releases were standard in all cars sold in the United States, we could save several hundred lives every year. • Fact • Congress should protect the artistic integrity of movies such as Casablanca by passing a law prohibiting the colorization of classic American films. • Policy

15. Organizational Patterns for Persuasive Speeches • Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Problem-Solution Pattern • Statement-of-Reason • Comparative-Advantage Pattern