Today’s topics: Assimilation, Immigration

1. Today’s topics: Assimilation, Immigration

2. For the quiz: 1. Put away all papers, cell phones, and clear off desks2. Keep your eyes on your own paper3. Any talking during a test or quiz is unacceptable  4. Use pencil, fill in the answer neatly 5. Turn your scantron to the red folder, quiz onto desk 6. If you finish early turn in quiz and wait QUIETLY, you may read the Immigration Solutions paper Consequences of NOT following guidelines: formal write up for disruption, being removed from class (if needed- by Campus Police), Grade of F on quiz, Grade of F in class, Suspension from school. Consequence of following guidelines: everyone can feel comfortable in class

3. Primary Sources • Images from the California Library of Congress • Walk around and view all of the images • Stand by the image that interests you most (NO MORE THAN 3 PEOPLE PER IMAGE) • With the others at your image answer the following questions: • Why did you select this image? • What do you think is happening in this image? Who? What ? Where? When? • Why do you think this image was selected for class? • Select a speaker • Return to your seats when you hear the buzzer

4. Interested in the historical background? Visit the Library of Congress website Washington D.C. Largest library in the world http://www.loc.gov/index.html

5. Chiricahua Apaches as they arrived at Carlisle from Fort Marion, Florida November 4th, 1886 “Kill the Indian and save the man” ~ Captain Richard Henry Pratt, Founder, Carlisle Indian School, PA

6. Title: Group of Indian Boys, from Dakota territory, taken after about fifteen month's residence at Hampton, Virginia. March, 1880.

7. Educating the Indians. Illustration. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated newspaper, 15 March 1884.

8. "Work on the Last Mile of the Pacific Railroad -- Mingling of European with Asiatic Laborers": From Harper's Weekly: Harper's Weekly, Vol. 13 Image created 1869

9. Chinese immigrants made up 90% of workers on U.S. railroads in mid to late 1800’s. However white workers did not allow Chinese immigrants to be in the photo marking the completion of the railroad to the West Coast

10. Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music The Chinamen must go by H. B. Pasmore. CREATED/PUBLISHEDSan Francisco: Gibson, J. W., 1880.

11. Title: Goodbye to old Ireland!Passengers on tender at Queenstown, going out to an ocean-liner New York, 1903.

12. 1860’s New York. Discrimination against Irish in the job market.

13. Political cartoon titled "The Usual Irish Way of Doing Things" by Thomas Nast (1840-1902) published in Harper's Weekly on September 2nd 1871

14. Title: View of Ellis Island Looking across water toward immigration station New York 1913.

15. Japanese American Internment During World War II Title: Japanese residents at Civil Control station for registration San Francisco April 1942 After Pear Harbor attack President Franklin Roosevelt ordered that everyone who was one-eighth Japanese or more be confined in detention centers called “internment camps” with no trials, no crime charge

16. Japanese American Internment During World War II Title: Residents of Japanese ancestry awaiting the bus at the Wartime Civil Control San Francisco, April 1942

17. Oct 1954, Baltimore, Maryland, USA --- Police stand guard as a group of African American students, escorted by Reverend James L. Johnson, march past two demonstrators protesting desegregation at Baltimore high schools..

18. Attorneys for Brown v. Board of Education George E. C. Hayes, Thurgood Marshall, and James M. Nabrit congratulating each other on the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, May 17, 1954. United States Supreme Court’s landmark decision that declared segregation in schools unconstitutional

19. Ruby Bridges New Orleans, Louisiana 1960, when she was 6 years old, her parents responded to a call from the NAACP and volunteered her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School system. She is known as the first African-American child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South

20. Cesar Chavez 1960’s Mexican-American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became United Farm Workers of America. His work led to numerous improvements for union workers.

21. Cesar Chavez, Robert Kennedy Cesar Chavez breaks his 25-day fast by accepting bread from Senator Robert Kennedy, Delano, California. Left to right: Helen Chavez, Robert Kennedy, Cesar Chavez March 10, 1968

22. When Filipino American farm workers initiated the Delano grape strike on September 8, 1965 to protest for higher wages, Cesar Chávez eagerly supported them

23. July 31st, 2010 Temecula, CA “Small group protests the building of a mosque in Temecula” LA Times

24. “We are more alike, my friends, than we are unalike.” Quote from Poem Human Familyby Maya Angelou

25. Which of these do you think best explains treatment of immigrants? • Cultural Transmission: focuses on how prejudice is transmitted through culture from generation to generation through family and/or media. • Group Identification Theory: focuses on how prejudices are tied in with an individual’s racial and ethnic group membership. • Personality theories: assert that those with high levels of frustration or authoritarian personalities have higher tendencies of holding prejudice beliefs. • Frustration-aggression hypothesis: ethnic prejudices develop in response to people’s need to cope with the frustration in their daily lives.

26. I am a ... • First generation immigrant • Second generation • Third generation • Family has been in the U.S. more than 3 generations

27. Assimilation • Robert E. Park’s traditional assimilation theory • Milton Gordon’s contemporary views • Horace Kallen’scultural pluralism • .

28. According to Robert Park’s traditional assimilation model,assimilation occurs after 3 generations. • 1st: struggles to learn the new way of their new country and holds on to many aspects of their culture. • 2nd:attend public schools, learn English better than their parents, may move out of ethnically grouped neighborhoods and marry someone outside of their race. Yet, still seen as outsiders and may consider themselves outsiders as well. • 3rd: grandchildren of immigrants will move completely into the mainstream of American life. May learn a few words of their grandparent’s language, know a few recipes, or proverbs, but will speak mostly English, and questions regarding their nationality will seldom arise.

29. According to the traditional assimilation model,assimilation occurs after 3 generations. • 1st: struggles to learn the new way • 2nd:learn English better than their parents, may move out of ethnically grouped neighborhoods and marry someone outside of their race. Still seen as outsiders • 3rd: move completely into the mainstream of American life. In your opinion or personal experiences has this been true?

30. Criticism of traditional assimilation model 1. Ignores age of entry:those sometimes called 1.5 generation-children who arrive in the U.S. with their parents: technically 1st generation but depending on their ages, their experiences may be similar to 2nd generation immigrants. 2. Ignore race: Does not accurately describe the experiences of non-European groups in America. 3. Ignores choice: Voluntary versus involuntary entrance (slavery) are factors that effect the likelihood of immigrants following the 3 generation process of assimilation.

31. Criticism of traditional assimilation model 4. Ignores how group size, concentrations, and time of entry also effect assimilation. 5. Another factor affecting the rate of assimilation of a minority group in the U.S. is the similarity between the culture of minority and culture of the majority.

32. Milton Gordon’s Contemporary Views on Assimilation • Milton Gordon presented a more specific analysis of assimilation. • Gordon described 7 different sub processes of assimilation

33. Milton Gordon’s Contemporary Views on Assimilation 1. Cultural (practices and traditions) 2. Structural (educational, occupational, residential, and recreational spheres of society) 3. Marital (acceptable partners) 4. Identificational (the group you identify with) 5. Attitudinal (prejudice) 6. Behavioral (discrimination) 7. Civic (political power, representation in politics) assimilation. • Gordon’s stages differ from Park’s because a group may assimilate completely without going through all stages, and they do not have a specific order • Both Park and Gordon agree however that assimilation is inevitable.

34. Horace Kallen’s Cultural Pluralism Allows for those whose appearances are clearly not Anglo to still be considered as completely assimilated. • Based on the idea that the members of minority groups should be accepted as completely Americanized and assimilated without being required to disappear as distinctive groups. • Majority’s culture is added to the minority’s culture rather than substituted for the minority’s culture.

35. Melting Pot vs. Salad BowlWhich do you feel is better for the United States?

36. Where are most legal immigrants from? Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/natz_fr_2010.pdf

37. What parts of the U.S. do most immigrants settle in? And why? Illinois New York New Jersey California Florida Texas

38. Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/natz_fr_2010.pdf

39. Push and Pull factors of Immigration into the U.S.

40. Terms Immigrant does not = illegal immigrant Illegal immigrants also called Undocumented workers/ students Remember immigrant does not =Latino/a “Latino/a” or country of origin is preferred over “Hispanic”

41. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION Views for deportation of illegal immigrants Views against deportation of illegal immigrants

43. Asylum may be granted due to • Fear of return to country of nationality based on persecution related to: • race • religion • political opinion • membership in a particular social group • Must show: • been here for more than 10 years. • Have an otherwise clean criminal record. • A relative who is a U.S. citizen would suffer exceptional and unusual hardship if deported

44. Read the pros and cons of the solutions (1)Stop unauthorized immigrants at the border. (2) Prevent employers from hiring undocumented immigrants. (3) Withhold government services from unauthorized immigrants. (4) Grant workers a path to gain citizenship or work permits. (5) Give police the authority and responsibility to identify illegal immigrants • Discuss in groups of 4-5 • Which do you think is best? Why? • Which do you think is worst? Why? • c) Can you think of other pros or con to any of the solutions?

45. Finals http://soc2011pm.weebly.com/

46. Media Image • Due Next week: A #5 • Bring in a media image from a magazine (non-pornographic) that you feel relates to issues of gender or age. • Think of an open-ended question to ask the class about the picture. • Type up the question. 6 points • You must be in class to earn full points Example: Why do you think Dove created this add?

48. History of Discrimination in Immigration Law Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: excluded Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States for 10 years Immigration Act of 1921: Motivated by fears of growing immigration from southern and eastern Europe, following World War I, the Warren Harding Administration passed this highly restrictive act that established an immigration quota for each nationality. National Origins Act 1924: further restricted Southern Europeans as well as East Asians and Indians During the Senator Joseph McCarthy era in the 1950s, legislation was passed to eject suspected Communists from the country. (usinfo.state.gov)

49. History of Discrimination in Immigration Law The race of immigrants was particularly important during times of national crisis Great Depression: Mexicans and Mexican Americans faced mass deportation justified by national economic problems as well as labor arguments very similar to those used against Chinese immigrants earlier in history. Post World War II: 1954 "Operation Wetback," under President Eisenhower a speculated 1 million Mexicans were deported along with their U.S. born children in response to labor competition

50. Effects of Post 9/11 Security Measures USA Patriot Act of 2001: put immigration under the control of the newly created Department of Homeland Security (Kimer, 2005) 2003, Men and boys from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia who were in the United States as legal immigrants had to voluntarily register for the controversial National Security Entry-Exit Registration System or face deportation.